Personal Identity and Mind Essay

From the Latin word â€Å"duo†, or two, dualism seeks to explain the relationship between the mind and body. Put simply, it purports that mind and body are categorically distinct and separate from each other and, thus, can not be reduced to each other in any way. In order to understand this theory better, we take into account all the external stimuli received by our sensory organs that bring about changes in our mental state. As a result, our body starts to feel sensation/s. Note that whenever our bodies feel sensation, be it pleasant or unpleasant, it drives it to move or act in a certain way. For instance, we crave for fried chicken and suddenly smell the aroma of fried chicken wafting through the air, and hear the cracklings of chicken being fried. Suppose, this dish is served to you, your body then starts to move towards the dish and start eating. It appears therefore, that there is interaction between mind and body in such a way that physical events cause mental events and mental events cause physical events. In the case of Captain Picard, regardless of the fact that his body and brains were just â€Å"exact replicas† of his previous self, his mind and body are still considered as two distinct and separate entities. His body or physical state will function in a way that may interact with hid mind but will still remain its distinction as separate entities. This is the contention of property dualism, which claims that although there may not be a distinction in substance, mental and physical properties are still categorically distinct, and not reducible to each other. Captain Picard’s mind state will change upon receiving external stimuli and from there, his body will start to feel sensation that will goad it to act in a certain way. Yet, both are separate entities. According to mind-brain identity theory, Picard’s mental states are each identical to his brain states. What does this mean? How would the identity theorist respond to the argument you provided for dualism? In contrast to dualism, the mind-brain identity theory asserts that mental states are identical with brain states. The theory further asserts that for every mental state, there is a brain-state with which it is identical. For instance, â€Å"every pain event is identical with the C-fibers firing. † (â€Å"Mind-brain Identity Theory†) The same article attempts to explain this theory further by providing details about the physiological functions of the brain and relating it to the said theory, thus: The main support for mind-brain identity theory is the phenomenon of localization. Mental events appear to be associated with specific parts of the brain. Mental activity appears to be localized in identifiable areas of the brain. This is shown by the fact that inhibiting brain activity inhibits mental activity. Those who suffer localized brain damage also have such localized damage to the mind. The most natural explanation of this localization is that the mind is the brain. Captain Picard’s mind and brain, according to the mind-brain identity theorists, are one and the same thing. Any damage to his brain, therefore, produces damage to the mind also. Works Cited â€Å"Mind-brain Identity Theory†. Philosophy of Mind. Info. 2005. 22 June 2009 â€Å" Mind Body Dualism Theory†. Wikipedia. 2009. 20 June 2009

App †Game changer Essay

The creation of iPhone has been regarded as one of the most influential invention in technology industry. The success of iPhone attributed to the concept of apps, which has made the use of phones more accessible. An inclusion of app store containing variety of games and application tools has become a must on smartphones. The rationale of its widely adoption in smartphones will be conferred in the following, and will be discussed how the use of apps innovate the old way accessing different software. This essay will follow by enumerating the leverage in daily life, and the reasons lead to the accomplishment today. Apps is a game changer since it has changed the traditional access way to application software and developed a new format of video game. The invention of apps allows application such as social networking sites and video-sharing sites become available on phones and can be viewed in a more comfortable way. It is a great breakthrough because websites originally can only be accessed via computer may now visit on smartphone by simply clicking on the app button. This enables application software transforms to a multi-platform and expands the number of audiences. On the other hand, the idea of apps has opened an entirely new market in games, which is app game. The principle of app games is similar with video games, but the less complicated operations appeal a multitude of less technology proficient users to endorse app games. The success of apps based on the widespread use of smartphones and the rising demand for more options and functions in phone. The fact iPhone went popular alerted the competitors in telecommunication field. Traditional phones have been obsolete gradually and replaced with new models of smartphones that provides an alternative way to connect to the Internet. Furthermore, the market expectations to phone become higher, for instance, hankering an instant response in communicating. To meet the market demand, telecommunication firms are forced to follow to develop different apps in order to attract customers. Examples like WhatsApp is designed to allow communication be done in a faster and economic way. The increase in popularity of social networking sites cannot be neglected also, which  creates a huge opportunities for apps to expand its market. The creation of apps causes long-lasting impacts in social and economy. Socially, communications are enhanced which instant response and updates can be made through apps in any place and time. Not only connecting with family and friends, service apps are also available in app store that products and services can be ordered immediately using apps. Apart from this, playing app game has become a trend due to its simple control and convenience. Candy Crush is one of the instances, which had once a vogue to download and play. It is foreseeable that another Candy Crush will appear in the near future. Economically, apps creates many economic opportunities. Apps on app store are often charged with a price. By uploading their apps to app store, programmers who are excellent in writing apps can be rewarded, which motivate people to innovate new apps continuously. Therefore, it is believed that an abundant of apps will be launched constantly. To sum up, this essay has explained how apps has made a crucial advancement in daily life in which to fulfill customer’s expectation and requirement. Apps has made smartphones practical and easily accessible, and developed a novel form of game playing, which builds an irreplaceable position in telecommunication business. Information technology companies like Apple and Samsung keep updating the variety and number of apps in app store so as to compete one another in the competitive digital world. It is predictable that various types of apps will subsequently put on market with the purpose of making the costumers in favor on their high-tech products. Bibliography Anna Scantlin (October 19, 2013), Smartphones may make life easier, but how are they affecting us socially? PhoneDog Retrieved from: http://www.phonedog.com/2013/10/19/smartphones-may-make-life-easier-but-how-are-they-affecting-us-socially/ John F. Clark (April 4, 2012), History of Mobile Applications. University of Kentucky Retrieved from: http://www.uky.edu/~jclark/mas490apps/History%20of%20Mobile%20Apps.pdf Scott Stein (June 28, 2012), Five years in, the iPhone’s greatest legacy: Its

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Abortion - Essay Example In many areas children are doing crimes and they are taking alcohol, drugs and in most of the cases in this situation children are under 14 to 21 only. At this age child will be more enthusiastic to do something new, and they want to know everything in this world, this is the age where child psychology will not be stable and what ever they feel good they do that only. At this stage they will do mistakes in their life. Minor child will unable to make a decision to carry a baby or to do abortion, at this situation they don’t consult the parents also; sometime they planned their career very well and their option will be to make abortion. Here they just aren’t spoiling their health but also career. Some argue the legalization of abortion should be considered as a society-endorsed murder, it must stop. Minors are not mature to make decision about abortions, parents has to guide them on right way. In schools and colleges government has to conduct seminars about improper abortions to aware of illegal abortions and improper sexual interaction. This type awareness is must for people in the society. Government has passed a rule that when teen abortions are done, parental approval is must, at what circumstances having an abortion, etc. In the world woman’s most important and gifted function is to give birth to a child. And women have the right to make decisions that involve the birth of her child. To ban abortions or not is still a debate and reasonably the argument should go on as the outcome will decide whether to kill a child legally or spare him/her. Most of the women aren’t ready to be mothers, in some situations they chose to go for the abortion, putting their own future at risk and they go for unsafe and expensive procedures. Irrespective of their race, religion & class women were not seen as women in the society in the beginning of this century. The woman, often conceived and the childbirth have become

Royal Exchange Theatre, St Anns Square Assignment

Royal Exchange Theatre, St Anns Square - Assignment Example The place where the Royal Exchange is housed is one of the most visited places in Manchester and is dotted with shopping centres and malls. Therefore, it gives the people every chance of entertainment and the people are too happy to take the chance. The architectural beauty of the theatre has been revered by all sectors of the society and it holds a place of pride for the people of the society. (Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester, n.d.; Background information, n.d.; Welcome, n.d.) The Royal Theatre of Manchester was made in 1968. The theatre was constructed in a house, which was the place for the cotton trading of the world. The hall of the house was one of the largest places of trading in the world. The largeness of the hall raised the interests of the group of men and they conceived the idea of the theatre. The Theatre was damaged considerably in the bombing of the Manchester City Center in 1996. However, the management of the theatre was quick to reciprocate and the theatre came into being in a completely new shape and style. The new theatre had malls and eating centres attached to the theatre. This gave the people more reasons to visit the theatre. The theatre had become one of the favourite pastimes of the people in Manchester. The modern-day theatre consists of three parts - the theatre, the studio and the corporate lounge. The theatre is where the performances or the theatres take place. The studio is the place where the performances of the small groups or the visiting theatre companies take place. The companies and the organizations for their private functions take the corporate lounge. Therefore, the theatre has encompassed itself in all types of activities. The theatre has become an absolute package for entertainment purposes. The theatre caters to the different sectors of the society-the common man, art lover, and the corporates.  Ã‚  

The French Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The French Revolution - Essay Example They also cancelled all the special privileges of the many nobles and clergymen they felt were clogging up the system. They then looked at what the Americans had done with their Declaration of Independence from the U.K. in which they had tried to give equal rights to everyone. The French basically copies a lot of this and the Assembly published the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. This didn’t have any legal effect, but it was supposed to guide the government in making a new constitution. In the new document, all citizens are supposed to be guaranteed the rights of â€Å"liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.† The Declaration argues that the peoples’ need for laws comes from the fact that â€Å"...the exercise of the natural rights of each man has only those borders which assure other members of the society the enjoyment of these same rights.† So the declaration sees law as a kind of â€Å"expression of the general will,† intending to promote equality of rights and to stop â€Å"actions harmful to society.† This was popular with many groups of people who had been disenfranchised under the old system and were looking for a big change which would give them more political power and reduce their tax rate. Previously the nobles had all the power and all the money; people were fed up and wanted things to be more equal. They felt they were a group that could no longer be trampled on by the upper classes, and that they h ad individual rights and should be able to be active French citizens. Two branches of politics can be seen to come out of this period. In the first—the American model—we can see people respecting individual rights and power devolved from government. In the second model we can see a sort of radicalism that destroys the old order and replaces it with a new radical order that wants everyone to be completely equal. This is the basis and foundation of Communism—many of whose

Walmart Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Walmart - Term Paper Example Therefore, substitutes of products and services impose constrain the ability of the firm to adjust their prices to achieve their target profit margin. In this case, Wal-Mart has a wide range of products with substitutes, for instance, when a customer wants to buy groceries, they can go to Safeway, Albertsons. However, there are substitutes for electronic products such as Frys, Circuit City. On the other hand, the substitutes for clothing are Target, Costco, JC Penny (Slater & Olson, 2002). Nevertheless, it is evident that numerous competitors are not able to provide their customers with convenient and low prices for services and products. Therefore, the customers have the choice of fetching their products and services from numerous specialty stores, thereby decreasing the chances of finding the low pricing offered by Wal-Mart. In this case, the free market offers buyer a chance to choose among numerous alternatives; thus, the source of substitutes attribute to the same product or service being sourced by two or more distributors (Porter, 1985). Moreover, full substitute of product and services are attributed having different manufactures, but serving the same purpose. For instance, there is a product such as Kellog’s corn flakes offered by Wal-Mart while other competitors may offer a generic brand of corn flakes. On the other hand, there are partial substitutes of products and services, whereby service and products are not directly related but they can serve the same purpose in the market. It is evident that threat of substitute has a typical impact on the industry through price competition. However, there are other concerns in assessing the concern raised by the threat of a substitute to a company like Wal-Mart. In this case, given that Wal-Mart provides customers with cheap products from rivals, this can result to a

Customer behavior Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Customer behavior - Case Study Example By cooling down, one is prepared to answer back courageously and explain exhaustively if the statement is untrue. It must be understood that some customers make negative comments in order to trick hotel management into offering them discounts, free visits to the hotel, and money back guarantee. Make professional responses (Cheng et al, 5). Customers are ken on any statement made in favor or against the allegation. Therefore, hotel managers should show empathy and concern to show customers’ feelings are respected. Offer a long lasting solution when necessary and be willing to learn from what customers comment. However, in cases where defaming statements are made, it is good to request review sites administrators to evaluate its credibility and remove such comments if they are not worth. In most cases, customers buy commodities depending on what others have commended about them. I can only buy items through an online platform if am guaranteed quality. Therefore, I will check what previous buyers have said about it. The same applies to hotel bookings. When visiting new places for a tour, it is always difficult to tell where to spend the night. However, through the help of travel directories and customer reviews in regards of hotels in that location, it is easy to make an informed decision on where to stay depending on cost, customer service, and comfort. Consumer behavior is shaped by what people hear, see, and read about products they intent to purchase. Therefore, marketers must be keen in making sure customers get the very best out of the products. However, it is almost impossible to avoid negative online reviews. Therefore, companies must be ready to learn from the reviews in cases where they make sense and explain to customers where there is misunderstanding. Cheng, Vincent TP, and Mei Kun Loi. "Handling negative online customer reviews: the effects of elaboration likelihood model and distributive justice." Journal of

Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Response paper - Essay Example Although the demise of the Aztec empire opened up the New World for European settlers, it is a tragic event when seen from the viewpoint of the natives. Their millennia long indigenous culture and civilization was abruptly and most violently cut short by the foreign conquest. In my opinion, rather than merely being a historical fact, this tragic facet to this historical episode should serve as a warning for contemporary politicians and policymakers, and make them realize that greedy ventures lead to humanitarian losses. I would like them to understand that while Spain and later European contingencies benefited from this conquest, from broader perspective humanity was the loser. Another aspect of the book I was most impressed with is its objectivity. Although author Miguel Leon-Portilla was trained in western scholarly tradition, his analysis and presentation does not betray this fact. At the same time, the empathy shown toward the disadvantaged Aztecs is matter of fact and not melodramatic. In this regard I like the subaltern approach adopted by the author in constructing history. I appreciate this book for features such as these. The extensive research conducted by the author is also quite impressive. Not only did he peruse primary sources for gathering evidence (which are in indigenous Aztec language), he also gives numerous cross references for further study, which is useful for college students like me. The detailed list of bibliographical entries at the end of the book is another handy feature. As I read through the book, I was able to appreciate the effort that went into researching this book. For example, previous to this work there was scarce scholarship on pre-Columbian culture in Mexico and the Americas. This book fills that void that its value cannot be overstated. The author also succeeds in bringing lots

Write about your religion (islam) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Write about your religion (islam) - Essay Example This paper will discuss my life in the religion and how I share my ideas and leave with the world. I was born in a family that has always been part of the religion. I have always been encouraged by my family’s commitment in the way it attended the five prescribed daily prayers. I am glad I followed suit in the teachings of Islam and took up the challenge of to reading the Quran. As a Muslim, the faith has taught me that human beings exist for the core purpose of serving and loving God. The faith has also taught me that Allah is the only God and comparable to none (Quran 112:1-4). The words of the Quran are of divine origins that Allah revealed from Himself. It contains His words which already existed before creation and can, therefore, not be subtracted, added or amended (Brown 185). Unlike it is wrongfully believed by non Muslims, the Quran is not made up of Prophet Muhammad’s words because it was there before him. To enable Muslims get a deeper insight and understanding of the Quran and the life of Muhammad, a collection of traditions, known as Hadith, was compile d into comprehensive literature by various people. Muslims, just like Jews and Christians, believe that in death, the spirit departs from the body then waits for resurrection on judgment day (Quran 21:19-20). The three faiths’ doctrines on heaven and hell, angels, the devil, morals and the last judgment are very similar. This forms a strong basis of sharing the ideas of religion with the world. The best way of working with the world and conveying my ideas of religion is by convincing non Muslims to shun the stereotyping that every Muslim is an extremist or terrorist. There is a whole lot of genuine Muslims around the world that can be considered mainstream. It is my duty and responsibility as a Muslim to take an oath, follow the Five Pillars and uphold the Six

Forensic Analysis of Personal Written Texts Research Paper - 1

Forensic Analysis of Personal Written Texts - Research Paper Example etermining patterns or possession of shared features by classifying the analysis under word level (demonstrative determiner, activity verb, frequently used words); clause level (sentence type, run ons and fragment, clause type, copula, preface and coordination); and whole text level (reference and rhetoric). A concluding portion would summarize the results to validate the contention to be revealed under the general analysis. The three separate and distinct texts are written by students from the class Structure of English and the task is to establish the authorship of the three texts through both linguistics and forensic analysis. The three texts are labeled as Text 1 (5), Text 2 (9) and Text 3 (5a). The three texts are writing experiences of students taking English as Second Language course (ESL). Text 1 shared the challenges of experiencing learning in their reading classes where some suggestions for teachers’ instructional methods were provided. Text 2 was more specific in providing examples that revealed the Chinese culture from where the student apparently came from. The student who wrote Text 2 wrote using the past tense with intermittent present tenses; the punctuation marks, specifically the periods were situated in the right location, unlike the author of Text 1. Finally, the author of Text 3 situated the periods the same way as that of the author of Text 1. Further, the use of ‘skimming and scanning’ was repeated both in Text 1 and Text 3, so one surmised that Text 1 and 3 are written by the same author. After due examination and counting of linguistic features of the three texts in word, clause and whole-text level referring to the book Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English and Robert Eagleson’s Forensic Analysis of Personal Written Texts: A Case Study, a tabular representation of results that appeared in the three texts would indicate if my contentions is supported. Activity Verb: Another feature reflecting the different lexical

Sociological Imagination Essay Example for Free

Sociological Imagination Essay The study of the social world in addition to sociological imagination contests the individualistic and naturalistic approach to the analysis of social forces that mould human behaviour in contemporary society. The interrelated social concepts that influence human behaviour challenge both explanations through suggested theories, empirical investigation and critical analysis hence, illustrate difference in perception. A direct interpretation of sociology, as defined by the writers of the text, ËÅ"Sociology: Themes and Perspectives is,  ¦Ã‹Å" the study of society. (R. Van Krieken, P. Smith, D. Habibis, K. McDonald, M. Haralambos, M. Holborn 2000:05). The study reveals mixed assumptions and perspectives of the institutions of the social world and how it influences the development of social behaviour. It challenges ideas and factors outside an individual for the pattern of human behaviour, that is, an external view. (E.C. Cuff G.C.F. Payne 1979:09). Understanding the patterns of individuals and groups in society as a whole is accepted as a scientific venture. Thus, it engages in theoretical assumptions that are empirically tested via systematic methodology and critically analysed after research results are displayed. (A. Giddens 1997:12). Sociology can only act as a window, suggesting viewpoints that may assist in a greater understanding of society. It will never determine the ËÅ"truth as a concluding result. (E.C. Cuff G.C.F. Payne 1979:09). The distinctive characteristic of sociology is the concept of being able to think beyond what is logically obvious in a particular situation concerning an individual or a whole population. It also reflects the position of an individual within the barriers of a social institution within society. This concept is referred to as ËÅ"sociological imagination. Author of ËÅ"The Sociological Imagination: The Promise, C. Wright Mills, establishes the significance of ËÅ"personal troubles, stating that, ËÅ"Troubles occur within the character of an individual ¦they have to do with his self ¦a biographical entity ¦ a private matter: values cherished by an individual are felt by him to be threatened and ËÅ"public issues as, ËÅ"An issue, in  fact, often involves a crisis in institutional arrangements ¦ (C.R. Mills 1959:08-9). The exemplification of unemployment can be adapted to illustrate the framework of sociological imagination as a means of perspective. In the working field of a society, an individual is depicted as unemployed in contrast to the employed members of society. The individualistic situation is viewed as a ËÅ"personal trouble therefore theories based upon the character, skills and available opportunities of the individual are critically analysed and considered as possible explanations. Conversely, a group of individuals labelled as unemployed, are juxtaposed to the remaining employed members of the society. The circumstances are presented as a ËÅ"public issue and individualistic factors are no longer the case. The institutional arrangements of the society are contested critically, judging the social structure rather than examining each individual separately. Sociological imagination demonstrates the variation between the sociological perspective, that is, examining society as a whole, with the individualistic explanation of conforming to personal solutions contained by an individual. (C.R. Mills 1959:09, 2000:05-6). The naturalistic explanations of human behaviour, in terms of biology, suggest the theory, ËÅ"it is only human nature. (2000:06). The sociological perspective applies a critical approach, debating the idea of natural occurrences in the pattern of human behaviour. Social behaviour, perceived on sociological grounds, is acquired by the social force of culture, which is used as a theory against naturalistic or biological interpretation. The concept of culture generates the notion for change and permanence of societies in local, national to global contexts. It also refers to customs, beliefs, values, associated language and traditions that are learned and passed on from generation to generation of a particular community in society. A theoretical statement that is proposed and challenged by both explanations is the idea of ËÅ"parents loving their children. (2000:06). Naturally, parents express strong emotions towards their offspring as a result of biological structure. However, sociological perspective explores beyond the stated assumption and examines the issue on a cross-cultural basis. Empirical research submits the view of China and the involvement of illegal adoption schemes, the limited interaction between parents and  children of European backgrounds with regards to boarding schools and the contact of a nanny during most of the growing ages of a child. Sociological imagination supports the concept of culture as a means of determining the patterns of social behaviour of individuals in society. A key role that also plays a part in moulding human behaviour is the social force of socialisation. It is a process of interaction between individuals and groups of a society. The knowledge is shared, learned and transmitted within small groups and large systems. Socialisation is promoted throughout a mixture of agents where the process occurs. A naturalistic perspective views this notion of communication as,  ¦Ã‹Å"an essential component of being human ¦ otherwise, known to be biologically inherited. (2000:08). The sociological assumption to the theory of skill adaptation, argue that the exposure of being in contact with other human beings assists in the development of social behaviour. However, the assumption does not contradict the biological theory of inheritance, it simply suggests that a considerable amount of identity development is produced from the social environment, that is, the agents of socialisation. The evidence of ËÅ"wolf children empirically justifies the need for human interaction in order to evolve an identity. (2000:08). The perceived theoretical explanations, supported by empirical evidence for the development of patterned human behaviour, demonstrate a differentiation that is critically contested between both evaluations. The perspective of functionalism in association to sociological imagination, practiced in the work of Emile Durkheim, may be interpreted on a biological level. Distinctively speaking, the human body may be exemplified as an aid to enhance the understanding of society as a whole. The different parts of the human body are linked, therefore understanding the relationship between them, formulates a basic conception of the organism as a whole. (2000:13, A. Giddens 1997:08-9). The Marxist feminism perspective views the position of women in society within the structural form. Sociologically, women are a form of underclass in the working class society of the economical system. The type of work and  duties carried out in the institution of the home is unrecognised in the macro world. As a result, women undertake low-status jobs in the workforce, this action is known as a, ËÅ"reserve army of labour. (2000:20). The radical Marxist perspective suggests that females in contemporary society lack equality due to the biological difference of their body structure. Thus, the removal of the reproductive system is said to alleviate male patriarchy. The variation of the natural theory in contrast to the social idea is evident within the critical analysis of the position of women in society, hence moulding the social behaviour of individuals with regards to the status of women. (A.Giddens 1997:10). In conclusion, the emphasis on critical analysis between the sociological perspective and imagination in opposition to the individualistic and naturalistic approach illustrate differentiation in suggested theories. The dissimilarity articulates solid empirical evidence supported by both sides of perspectives, therefore challenges the social forces of culture, socialisation and identity that manipulate and mould the human behaviour in contemporary society. The connections like functionalism and Marxism, branch out from the perspectives to function as padding, placing a conceptualised interpretation of social behaviour with regards to society. The process of learning sociologically is, ËÅ"looking, in other words, at the broader view ¦cultivating imagination. (A. Giddens 1997:03). Sociology does not determine an accurate response to the theories placed upon society. Nevertheless, it can supply a greater capacity for understanding the society as a whole via the linkages of sociological imagination and individualistic and naturalistic angles.

Water Quality Pollution

Water Quality Pollution TOPIC: WATER QUALITY REPORT Question one: Potential sources of pollution and their potential impact on human health and environment. The Bevern River in Wales has for many years been clean and free from pollution. However in the recent years it have faced different threats of pollution that have posed risk to the water environment and the existence of the several fish species living in it. The major potential source of pollution to the Bevern stream is the sewage system that runs along the Bevern stream the inspection chambers between the Barcombe and the Barcombe sewage treatment work overflow sometimes and the waste are directed to the stream. The overflow has made the levels of the E. coli to rise above the normal required amount in such a stream. The feaces also contain a lot of ammonia and has therefore increased the amount of the dissolved Nitrogen and phosphates. The surrounding that is also polluted with the sewage wastes has also raised a concern over pollution in the stream. The waste is washed down the stream during rain season and the problem of pollution therefore continues. In September 2007, the problem of serious pollution was encountered in the Bevern stream when the raw sewage burst into the stream. The raw sewage has more health and environmental effects than the treated sewage and during the leak of the raw wastes into the river; the water quality was adversely affected. (Lorna, and Jamie, 2001) The dangers that are associated with the problem of pollution are serious. The pollutant cause the rise of the E. coli and amount of the dissolved phosphates and Nitrates that also reduce the amount of Dissolved Oxygen in the water that can affect the life of the species living in the waters that cannot cope with low oxygen. The problem of overflow of the Inspection chamber was solved but the danger still remains as the as the walls of the river near the chamber are weak and with the slightest rain, they can still burst and overflow. Bevern stream drains its water to Sussex River Ouse whose tributaries are at risk from the pollution of the several sewage treatment plants that drain the sewage waste to these streams. As a result, the Sussex river remain threatened to pollution from these treatment plants that have very low standards according to the river Sussex Conservation Society and other societies. The often breakdown of the infrastructure around the Bevern stream is also a potential source of water pollution in the stream. The presence of high levels of E. coli and low dissolved oxygen can lead to the death of the fish species in the water. The pollution of the water with Nitrates and Phosphates is also dangerous as it can lead to the growth of harmful water plants that can cause effect to the vertebrates in the river and can also reduce the rate of floe of the river that can also affect the amount of Dissolved Oxygen. The solid wastes from Wales community neighboring the stream also block the flow of water in the Bevern stream, the solid wastes also increase sediments in the river that affect the movement of the vertebrates hence lack food and die. They also destroy the breeding sites which has adversely reduced the number of species in the water. The consumption of this polluted water can be dangerous to human health as they cause Typhoid from the E. Coli bacteria present in the water from the sewage wastes. Question Two: The limitations to obtaining data on water quality that accurately reflects the changing conditions in the stream. The collection of data on the quality of water in Bevern stream is not efficient and reliable. The problem of collecting data is associated with the changing in the fauna and flora in the stream, at the mouth of the where the tributary Bevern joins River Sussex, there are several species of vertebrates which are as a result of low level of pollution at the site while in the lower mainstream of the river, there are less species as they die from the immediate sewage pollution from the Barcombe sewage treatment section. If samples of the water are taken from these two points of the stream, there will be a great difference in the results that cannot be relied for the real water quality changes currently experienced in the river. Several snail species that are not capable of surviving in low dissolved Oxygen die at some point of the stream as well as nymph. (Duncan, and Horan, 2003) This is from the increase in the level of the phosphates and ammonia level in the water. There is a greater difference in the quality of water at different points of the river, the data collected therefore should not be limited to few samples and should include several samples from different points. The analysis carried out on the water should be used to look for an average so that the water quality results can be compared to the European Community Fresh Water Fish Directive. The other limitation that can also emerge from the data is from the capability of different vertebrates and other species to survive in different water quality. Some can survive in low dissolved Oxygen while some like fish cannot. The PH of the water may also not be fit for some animal species but can favor some. Therefore it is very unreliable to collect data at the stream based on some factors. The stream should be upgraded to the salmonid water quality standards which are rigorous than the EC standards. The Bevern water quality deteriorates downstream as a result of the treated sewage discharge into the stream Dichling which is closer to the sewage discharge. The effect on the quality of water also depends on the season, for example during the dry summer seasons; the stream water quality is very poor as compare to the winter. The standards are compared for two fish species, the Salmonid and the Cyprinid in which the former is delicate and need extremely high quality water. (Lorna, and Jamie, 2001) Question Three: Outline what the results for nutrient levels (e.g., ammonia, nitrate and phosphates) tell you about the trophic status of the stream. Trophic status of a water body is defined in relation to the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients present in the water as well as the algae. These two nutrients are the key determinants of the trophic status which is the biological fertility or productivity of the water body. The levels of the three nutrients in the Bevern stream are significantly higher than the standard EC Fisheries directives for both the Salmonid and Cyprinid species. (Crompton, 2002) This indicates that the stream is relatively productive which is the reason why the stream has a lot of plants growing in it as well as algae in the water. These plants provide food for the different vertebrates in the water that result to breeding and increase in the number of species in the stream. The nymph in the stream eats the algae. The fish feed on these small invertebrates and from their waste they add the amount of Ammonia and phosphates in the water. The balance between the levels of these nutrients is maint ained through the different trophic levels. Treated sewage discharge from Barcombe treatment section into the stream help to increase the levels of these nutrients. The high level of Dissolved Oxygen is also favorable for the increment of the fertility of the stream that increases productivity. The DO in the stream is very high as compared to the set EC standards for dissolved oxygen as seen from the table above. Oxygen favors the development of algae and other water plants. The availability of these plants is a ready source of food to some species. This result to the increase in number of this species which form food for the fish and other vertebrates. The trophic status of the Bevern stream is reasonably high and the future increase in the number of species is possible as long as pollution is controlled. Bavern stream fresh water aquatic environment studies showed that at the mouth of river Sussex, there are several species of fish that exist as a result of the trophic status in the stream. The problem of pollution in the stream has been sought by the Environmental Agency and this has assisted in the improvement and maintenance of good trophic status in the stream. Question Four: What do the bacteriological data tell you about levels and sources of faecal pollution in the Bevern stream? The level of the Escherichia coli is 64000 per 100ml and the Entercoli is 32000 per 100ml. These values are very high in the stream which shows that there is faecal pollution in the stream. The faecal pollution is from the sewage discharge from the treatment works along the stream. The are also possibilities of untreated sewage discharge into the stream that has caused in the high level of the Enterococci which is a colony of the intestinal coli in water. The levels are triggered by the leakage of the September incident where the sewage over flew into the river. The surrounding area may also be producing faecal pollution into the stream. The animal faeces in the nearby forest is responsible for the intestinal coli in the stream which are very high. Generally the water quality in Bevern stream is good and favorable for aquatic biodiversity as the level of Dissolved Oxygen and the ammonia and phosphate nutrients are high. The E. coli is high which is dangerous to the health of the people living around the stream. (Crompton, 2002) The faecal pollution is a major source of the waterborne diseases that affect the community living around. The sources of the faecal pollution are many and cannot be avoided unless the level of treatment for the sewage discharged in the stream is raised to better standards. The biological data shows that the stream is more polluted with the faecal wastes from both the treated sewage and the surrounding area which is also potential source of faecal pollution for the Bevern stream. The intestinal coli is a guarantee that their must be some direct disposal of feaces into the stream without treatment or there is discharge of raw sewage into the stream. This also shows that there are infected people around with the E. coli bacteria that cause Typhoid, Dysentery or Diarrhea in human beings. However it has not been proved that water shrew faeces are present in the stream. The current research that is being conducted by the Sussex Conservation Society is underway where plastic tubes are set near the water with muslin bait at one end, the shrews will enter in the tube to feed on this delicacy. If they are found then the faecal wastes will be too high which will have attracted the faecal shrews. (www.sussex-ouse.org.uk/research/index.htm) References Crompton, R. (2000). Determination of Organic Compound in Water, (New York, Mac Graw Hill) Lorna, F. and Jamie, B. (2001). Water Quality, Guidelines, Quality and Health, (London, MacMillan) Joseph, A. (2004). Waterborne Zoonoses, (London, MacMillan) Mason, F. (2002). Biology of Freshwater, (New York, Wesley) Duncan, D. and Horan, J. (2003). Water and Wastewater Microbiology, (London, Oxford University Press) Bull, T. and Marrs, L. (1998). Biotechnology for Clean Industrial Products and Processes, (London, Oxford University Press) Kavanagh, D. (2006). A Country Pillow Book, (London, Cambridge University Press) Information on the Bevern Stream also available from www.sussex.org.uk (Retrieved on 15th April, 2008)

The Grant Corporation Information Technology Essay

The Grant Corporation Information Technology Essay This report studies how to implement human resources information system, problems faced by Director of HR at grant incorporation in order to implement new HRIS and the corrective measures that should have been done to facilitate the change are studied in this case report. The critical success factors and weaknesses in various stages of implementing an HRIS are explored in the paper. The problems are rooted mainly in two factors. One is that HR department lacks knowledge about HRIS and secondly poor communication in the change process. According to (Hammer, 2000) some organizations are not successful in implementing human resource information systems. The system fails because the various software programs are not integrated and information is often missing. Some possible ways to prevent or solve these problems are: 1) consider add-ons, 2) get portal power, 3) integrate the system, 4) hire or host, 5)use what you have, 6) restructure the team, and 7) dont go it alone. The recommendatio ns based on research are provided in this report. The Grant Corporation The following case analysis report includes scenario of change management process at The Grant Corporation. The HRD at Grant Corporation needed to expand to keep up with the growth of organization. Newly hired Director of HR, Julia Woodland suggested implementation of a HRIS system to deal with existing HR issues. But it was not successfully implemented. According to (Mackenzie, 2010), increasingly, the failure to successfully implement information systems have less to do with the hardware or software aspects of the new system and more to do with the skills of the change leader and the people and organizational issues related to the change. The cause of problem that arises at grant incorporation involves lack of leadership, communication, planning, change management, and training. Woodlands Evaluation Julia Woodland executed a successful need analysis and concluded that HRD requires advance technology to perform efficiently and effectively. She proposed the purchase of an integrated payroll/HRIS that will integrate the finance departments system, benefits and 401(k) providers systems, which got approved. Woodland was so overwhelmed with the project; she overlooked the fact that the success requires participation and commitment from all areas of the firm. Human Resource Information Systems: Basics, Applications, and Future Directions (Michael J. Kavanagh Mohan Thite, 2008) states The Eight-Stage Change process(Kotter,1996), the steps are to Create a sense of urgency, recruit powerful change leaders, build a vision and effectively communicate it, remove obstacles, create quick wins, and develop your momentum. If Julia had followed this process, it could have helped her to make the change part of the Grant Corporation. Required Individuals for Change Process In my opinion, top management support is required from beginning, all through the execution evaluation of project along with the people who are going to be affected. In this case IT department, HR department, Payroll would have been included from the initial stage of process. As, employee communication is especially critical when were trying to get others to see and do things differently (Duck, 2001, p.27) Staffing Errors and Their Impact There are three primary activities in an HRIS implementation configuring the HRIS for the firms business processes and policies, interfacing data with other systems and converting historical data into the HRIS, and preparing the organization for the new HRIS. Woodland failed to involve, consult key people from organization in change process, she had unrealistic expectations, that her staff would welcome the new system, there was lack of communication which created distrust among HRD, and which impacted adversely on management commitment resulting in failure of implementation of HRIS. (Lorenzi, 2000) noted that for successful implementation of IT system, effective leadership, planning, change management techniques, communication, and training should be comprehend. Woodland should have considered these factors to achieve her goal. Importance of Cultural Issues Organizational culture is defined as a complex set of shared beliefs, guiding values, behavioral norms, and basic assumptions acquired over time that shape our thinking and behavior; they are part of the social fabric of the organization-its genetic code. As such, culture drives the organization and guides the behavior of everyone in that organization-how they think, feel, and act. In other words, the culture forms a behavior template. (Michael J. Kavanagh Mohan Thite, 2008, p. 192). Woodland would have understood the organizational cultural prior implementing the change. By developing a better understanding of the organizational culture, she could have implemented the strategies regarding change which employees might have embraced. Communication Plan If I had been in Woodland`s position I would have developed a communication plan that would have defined clear and concise roles for employees involved in the change process. Communication is one of the important tools in implementing effective change strategies for success. As (Michael J. Kavanagh Mohan Thite, 2008) defined in the Case for Change: Reason for change, Vision for future, Plan for getting there, Believe change is achievable and clear expectations must be included in communication plan. Having a company meeting to stage the beginning of these new ideas will provide the employees with the information they need to embrace any impending changes that the company is making and to their role in the new vision for the future. Training In this case training would help employees at to cope with organizational change by enabling them understand why it happens, why it is needed and what it means to them and to organization. With proper training employees would feel confident in using HRIS, and training would reduce their concerns, thus encouraging them to be a part of change. User Acceptance The Grant Corporation must involve end users in planning of HRIS project from beginning. According to (Michael J. Kavanagh Mohan Thite, 2008) when users are included in planning, acceptance testing, and switching over to a new HRIS, their commitment, trust increases for the project. Woodland must keep ongoing communication with employees, along with feedback to make HRIS user friendly. Woodland must inform employees regarding decisions made and by asking them to provide input on those decisions to make system accepted by them. Process Reengineering The process reengineering is beneficial as this would allow the company to obtain its full return on investment (ROI). With reengineering they can gain full potential of new system, instead of just automating existing processes. The firm will alter their conservative processes to align themselves with the new technology. (Michael J. Kavanagh Mohan Thite, 2008). Implementation Maintenance and Support HR and IT departments will have to establish a help desk to assist employees with their concerns. They will also need to ensure system is being used correctly. New policies and procedures must be established for the use of electronic data addressing security and privacy concerns. Effectiveness and efficiency of system should be monitored. Ongoing communication and training is vital for proper maintenance and support of the system. CONCLUSION The Grant Corporation case analyzes importance of good technical and organizational skills for successful implementation of an HRIS system. The success of a HRIS system exists in understanding organization culture, ongoing communication along with effective implementation process. Change management is a process by which an organization moves from its current state to some future desired state as defined by its vision. (Michael J. Kavanagh Mohan Thite, 2008, p. 201). REFRENCES: Duck, J. The change monster. New york: Crown Business. Hammer, M. 2002. Recharging your HRMS Workforce. 81(9): 38-41. (2002). Retrieved from http://gspa.nida.ac.th/load.php Lorenzi, N. . (2000). managing change:An overview. Journal of the american medical informatics association, 116-124. Mackenzie, A. (2010). Chapter 8 Course Notes.htm. Michael J. Kavanagh, M. T. (2008). Human Resource Information Systems: Basics, Applications, and Future Directions. SAGE, 2008.

The Pet Food Market :: Business Marketing Studies

4. Draw a perceptual map for the pet food market as a whole to be included as an appendix of the final report. The perceptual map shows us the spending on advertising of different brands against the average sale price of their products. It can be seen that although some brands have very high advertisement expenses, their products aren?t classified in the super-premium price class. Whiskas products are priced averagely whereas IAMS charges a high price for its products, although it doesn?t promote its image in such a way. Whiskas is surely more well-known than the rest, having a advertisement expenditure far greater than any other brand. This is mainly due to the multinational position of Mars Incorporation, its products being retailed all over the world. 5. Produce a fully referenced macro-environmental analysis for the national pet food market. Approx. 250 words On the political side, the UK has a great number of legislation governing the pet food market. Though the pet food market is subject to the same legislation as human food, there are a number of individual parts of legislation for that particular market as well: The Animal By-Products has guidelines on what ingredients are permitted for the production of pet food, as well as the processing procedures of these products. (Great Britain. Statutory Instruments, 2001) The Feeding Stuffs Regulations 2000 include regulations about appropriate labelling of the advertised product and criteria for the use of additives and contaminants. (Great Britain. Statutory Instruments, 2000) To ensure that the customer is properly informed about the product, the Packaging Goods Regulations requires that the net weight of pre-packed foods is displayed properly on each pack. There?s the problem with the VAT on pet food varying widely across Europe. Some countries apply the same tax rate on pet food as on human food, whereas others impose a higher rate on pet food. As for the UK, human food is zero-rated, but pet food is charged at the standard rate of 17.5%. This causes discontent amongst people in the industry, seeing themselves in a competitive disadvantage. (PFMA) Economic factors don?t have a large impact on the pet food market, because it is a necessity rather than a luxury. A decline in the economy would probably enable owners to move away from premium brands to low-cost supermarket pet food. Social benefits are explained thoroughly in the ?pets are good for you? report by the petcare trust (2003). According to the statistics pets make their owners feel happier and reduce health problems like The Pet Food Market :: Business Marketing Studies 4. Draw a perceptual map for the pet food market as a whole to be included as an appendix of the final report. The perceptual map shows us the spending on advertising of different brands against the average sale price of their products. It can be seen that although some brands have very high advertisement expenses, their products aren?t classified in the super-premium price class. Whiskas products are priced averagely whereas IAMS charges a high price for its products, although it doesn?t promote its image in such a way. Whiskas is surely more well-known than the rest, having a advertisement expenditure far greater than any other brand. This is mainly due to the multinational position of Mars Incorporation, its products being retailed all over the world. 5. Produce a fully referenced macro-environmental analysis for the national pet food market. Approx. 250 words On the political side, the UK has a great number of legislation governing the pet food market. Though the pet food market is subject to the same legislation as human food, there are a number of individual parts of legislation for that particular market as well: The Animal By-Products has guidelines on what ingredients are permitted for the production of pet food, as well as the processing procedures of these products. (Great Britain. Statutory Instruments, 2001) The Feeding Stuffs Regulations 2000 include regulations about appropriate labelling of the advertised product and criteria for the use of additives and contaminants. (Great Britain. Statutory Instruments, 2000) To ensure that the customer is properly informed about the product, the Packaging Goods Regulations requires that the net weight of pre-packed foods is displayed properly on each pack. There?s the problem with the VAT on pet food varying widely across Europe. Some countries apply the same tax rate on pet food as on human food, whereas others impose a higher rate on pet food. As for the UK, human food is zero-rated, but pet food is charged at the standard rate of 17.5%. This causes discontent amongst people in the industry, seeing themselves in a competitive disadvantage. (PFMA) Economic factors don?t have a large impact on the pet food market, because it is a necessity rather than a luxury. A decline in the economy would probably enable owners to move away from premium brands to low-cost supermarket pet food. Social benefits are explained thoroughly in the ?pets are good for you? report by the petcare trust (2003). According to the statistics pets make their owners feel happier and reduce health problems like

The Best Candidate for the Presidency :: American America History

The Best Candidate for the Presidency As this election 2000 is coming, each candidate is working very hard. They are doing debates, electoral campaigns all over the country in order to get more popular votes and therefore get the electoral votes they need to be the next president of the United States. In all of the inquiries that the media did in most of the states, Al Gore seems to be the favorite one, because he knows what he is doing, he has enough experience to rule our country, and he also has very interesting positions in the issues that he proposed to the American people. Albert Gore, Jr., was born in Washington D.C on March 31, 1948. His mother was Mrs. Pauline Lafon Gore and his father was Albert Gore, Sr. As Governor Bush, Al Gore has a father who was in the political business; his father was a Democratic congressman and senator from Tennessee. Gore graduated from Harvard University in 1969 with a Bachelor's degree in government. While he was studying in Harvard, he was linked with drugs like marijuana that made his father mad at him, and he almost lost everything he got, so he decided to quit and never do that again. Although Gore opposed U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, he accepted induction into the United States Army and served as a military reporter. Upon his return home, and until 1976, he worked as an investigative reporter and editorial writer for the "The Tennessean" a Nashville newspaper. Gore married Mary Elizabeth "Tipper" Aitcheson on May 19, 1976 and they have four children. Gore was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives se veral times and he also was elected to the U.S. Senate and as member of Congress, he earned a reputation as an authority on arms and environmental issues. After that, Gore ran unsuccessfully for the democratic presidential nomination 1988. In 1992 Al Gore was the running mate of Bill Clinton, also in this year he wrote "Earth in Balance" which is a book that talks about environmental issues. Clinton defeated the incumbent Republican President, George Bush, and Al Gore became Vice-President in 1993, finally they were reelected in 1996 and in 1999 Gore announced his candidacy for President in the 2000 election. Al Gore has stated his position on a number of issues; some of his position more important are in education, health care, taxes, and Social Security.

Teenage Abortions

Charlene Mays Professor H. English 1C 23 March 2010 Risk in Teenage Abortions Teenagers should not be allowed to have abortions. There are too many risk; abortions can cause young women infertility, meaning they will not be able to have kids. Young women young women have to deal with extreme fetal pain during an abortion process; there is also the probability that some can die right there on the table and have drastic changes in there hormones. Studies have proven that abortions can lead to an increased chance of breast cancer, Pelvic Inflammatory disease, and the contraction of Viral Hepatitis due to excessive bleeding and complications. We as teenagers also need to learn to grow up and take care of our responsibities Teen abortions is legal in almost every state, although some require parental or guardian permission. Abortion is the prevention of an innocent life, which is allowed without permission in over 20 states. I feel that teenage abortions should be banned from all stats even the ones with parent permission because sometimes a parent can force a child to have an abortion. Many women do not see a problem with abortion because according to them, a fetus is just cells. A fetus is more than just cells, it is a human being. Eighteen days after conception, doctors have detected the unborn child’s beating heart. Forty-five days after conception, brain waves have been detected. By three months, all body systems are present and functioning. All of these things occur in the first trimester and ninety-five percent of abortions are performed during the first trimester. What would you do if you accidentally got a young female pregnant, would you handle your responsibilities, or would you take the easy way out and get the abortion? Each and everyday teenagers all over the world are making the decision of taking the easy way out. Now days the way to bail out of having a child is to get an abortion. then you’ll never have to worry about diapers, and milk. When you handle your responsibilities you get the enjoyment of raising you own and being there for a younger one that will look up to you for the rest of there life. As a teenagers having an abortion can impact your life forever whether you decide to abort or give birth. Most teenagers find them selves in a hard position when a child is on its way of being born. eenagers begin to panic and think of all the things that they will miss out on in life, because of a child being born. Your friends and peers around you will either support you or start to dislike you in terms of your decision to get rid of a living fetus. Once any teenager its not like it can be undone the baby is already dead. All teenagers should take there time and really think about it before they go and get this process done. Abortions can cause young girls to have infertility in there futures. Whether you choose to keep your baby, put the baby up for adoption or have an abortion, hormones run crazy when you are pregnant. As you feel the life inside you start to grow, you become attached to it, or perhaps even angry with this new life. Sometimes teens even try to kill themselves because they don’t want to go though the abortion process. Some parents force teenagers to get abortions so that it doesn’t look bad on them and ruin their daughters lives. Responsibility is a big thing in raising a child without responsibility you find your self wanting to take the unborn life away. The issue of abortion has divided the country. However, there is an issue that we can all come to agree and that is a genuine reluctance of our society to take responsibility. The truth is that the majority of abortions do not occur because of the raping of a woman, incest, or potential loss of the mother's life. So why do they occur so often? They occur because people realize that they do not want to have a child for a number of different reasons from an inability to afford one to the potential change it causes to the female body. Nonetheless, the decision is not made because of the fear of the mother losing her life or any of the predominant explanations for the occurrence of abortions. At the root of the occurrence of so many abortions is the inability of individuals in society to take responsibility for their actions. Bearing children is the natural result of sexual intercourse under favorable conditions, it is not forced upon women by the United States government. I am forced to wonder: If a woman has a history of bad decisions which cause her an unwanted pregnancy, why should our society trust her to take the welfare of the child into account and trust her not make the abortion decision? Still, though it is clear that women have made choices that put them in the position of being pregnant, it is worthwhile to repeat a few reasons why abortion is an abhorrent murder of a baby. When a teenager gets pregnant there young bodies open up to a lot of diseases. They can contract Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, and the contraction of Viral Hepatitis due to excessive bleeding and complications. There is a possibility that teenagers can die on the table or to have drastic fetal pain. During the abortion process teenagers will feel excessive cramping as the excess blood discharges from the body. Teenagers may also contract Bacterial vaginosis which is one of the most common vaginal infections that occur in women today in the United States. Also a teenager can mess up her body by getting abortion that she can have a handicapped newborn in later on wanted pregnancies. Abortion is associated with cervical and uterine damage which may increase the risk of premature delivery, complications of labor and abnormal development of the placenta in later pregnancies. Complications are the leading causes of handicaps among newborns. Compared to women who abort teenagers who abort are two to four times more like to commit suicide. Teens are more likely to have psychological and relationship problems. Studies have shown that the major factors in pregnancy decision making among teens are the attitude of the teens parents, the baby’s father, and friends; the personality of the girl herself. A young girls mind can be messed up, this physical effect may cause her to feel an emotional emptiness she have never felt before. Less frequent side effects include possible heavy or prolong bleeding, blood clots, damage to the cervix and the uterus. Infection due to retain products of conception or infection caused by an STD or bacteria being introduced to the uterus can cause fever, pain. Abdominal tenderness and possibly scared tissue. All extreme things that you can die from. Teen abortion kills an innocent life. You exist because your mother chose to give birth to you. Personally I believe abortion is wrong and is definitely not a decision a teenager should have to make at all. Abortions should be band from society because we all need to grow up and take care of our responsibilities. Yea you might get pregnant, and you might not be ready but that doesn’t give you the right to kill an innocent life. Just think God has sent you down a soon to be beautiful baby, there are a lot of people that are unfortunate and have to adopt. Whether it is physical harm to the body or the religious point of view, there are two many risk with abortions in general.

Political marketing Essay

The cost of political marketing has been continually on the rise as campaigns grow to be more elaborate and extensive. The cost of advertising alone can cost a national candidate tens of millions of dollars, with local state candidates not lagging behind such figure. This amount is for commercials alone; added expenditures are surveys, exit polls, campaign paraphernalia, and countless other ‘necessary’ expenses. This, I believe, is both good and bad for democracy, but if I were forced to make a choice, I would advocate for election spending regulation, as an unchecked system can threaten our quality of democracy. The advantage of the limitless campaign spending is that it is in line with the democratic principle of unregulated participation. If more people and companies opt to support a candidate, then it is clearly a sign that such candidate is the preferred representative of the populace. In addition, the advantage of the incumbent, which is deemed to be at 15%, can prove to be an obstacle difficult to surpass for challengers who would start in the political field with marginal popularity and limited funds. Also, limiting campaign spending to promote democracy may be in itself paradoxical as the very act or regulation can be argued to violate certain democratic values, like free choice and participation. The clear disadvantage of unchecked campaign and political marketing spending is that it can lead to corruption of candidate and possible electoral victors. Big businesses and corporations would naturally expect payback for their contributions; hence the winning official would be in political debt at the very start of his tenure. Also, it does not promote a level playing field, where the most financially resourceful or those with their own money can have an unfair advantage over new players, who possibly are more qualified. The idea of democracy is equality of opportunities, and regulation does not mean that it is essentially undemocratic; in fact, campaign regulation promotes the values of fair competition and effective representation. Therefore, I support regulation of campaign spending.

Vocabulary Words APUSH

William Crawford – he ran as a Democratic Republican candidate for Preside .NET of the United States in 1 824; his greatest political enemy was John C. Calhoun, who was initially in favor of the protective e tariff, internal improvements, & the national bank; he returned to Georgia and was appointed judge of the northern circuit court in 1827 6. Andrew Jackson – he was the first President from the West; he was like Thou magnifiers, he sought to reduce role of federal government in favor of states' rights; he did not like Henry Clays â€Å"American Sys stem† 7. John C. Calhoun -? he served as secretary of war under James Monroe.In the e Election of 1 824, he was elected vice president under John Quince Adams. In the Election of 1828, he retained the vice preside once, this time under Andrew Jackson 8. Revolution of 1828 – balance of power shifting from the East to expanding west. America, until now, had been ruled by educated wee Itty elites -? Federalist s hippers and Jeffersonian planters 9. Spoils System – the method of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power. President Jackson made more staff changes than any previous president, firing g many people and replacing them with his own 0.Tariff of Abominations – In 1828, the United States government increased the prices of their imported goods by as much as 50 percent. South Carolina asserted that these taxes on imports were unfair a s a tax on Southern agriculture for the benefit of Northern industry 11 . Denmark Vessel – He was a free black slave who lived in the Carolinas and led a slave rebellion in Charleston in 1822. This slave rebellion was part of what led to the anxieties of the South especially in South Carolina. The Missouri Compromise and the slave rebellion caused the South to worry about Federal government interfere CE in slavery 12.South Carolina Exposition & Protest – It was drafted secretly by Episodes .NET John C. Calhoun, and presented to the state's House of Representatives on December 1 9 by a special committee charged WI the formulating a response to the federal protective tariff passed earlier that year. Although not adopted by the House, 4,000 coop sees of the states' rights manifesto were printed and distributed at state expense; it proposed that each state in the union counter the tyranny of the majority by asserting the right to nullify an unconstitutional act of Congress 3.Nullification – the streetlights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize e or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress 14. Tariff of 1832 – it lowered duties to 35% from about 50%, or the 1824 level ; it fell far short of meeting all of the Southern demands; South Carolina called upon state legislature to make necessary mil tart preparations if President Jackson tried to send troops to enforce this act 15.Tariff of 1833 -? it was authored by Henry C lay, and it was a compromise o n duties; it defused the sectional crisis and set out timetable for staged reductions in import duties that put these taxes on a d onward path until 1 860 16. Force Bill – it would allow the President of the United States to enforce a f deader law without permission of Congress; it also gave humorists to use the navy to board ships and collect duties before the eye reach S. C. 17.Five Civilized Tribes – the Indian nations (the Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choc scats, Creeks, and Seminole) that lived in the Southeastern United States until the 1 8205, most of whom were removed to the Indian Territory from 183042; most of them had et up formal governments before removal modeled after the U. S. Government NT 18. Indian Removal Act – Congress orders that all indigenous people living in t he southeastern part Of the country be relocated to a newly designated territory west of the Mississippi River 19.Trail of Tears – the forcible reloc ation and movement of Native Americans , including many members of the Cherokee, Creek, Seminole,and Choctaw nations among others in the United States, fro m their homelands to Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma) in the Western United States 20. Bureau of Indian Affairs – a division of the Department of the Interior that administers federal programs benefiting Native Americanization. 21 . Black Hawk – the leader of a faction of Auk and Fox Indians. Antagonistic to whites settling in his people's territory, he joined the British in several battles in the War of 1812.In 1832, he led his pep plea across the Mississippi to resist further white encroachments. The Illinois militia began attacking Black Hawk and his people in 1832, and Black Hawk was taken prisoner the following year. 22. Solaces – rose to prominence during the Second Seminole War, where his brilliant guerrilla tactics in the Florida swamps earned him the admiration and respect of the many United S tates Army office RSI who tried to capture him. Solaces and other Seminole refused to sign the Treaty Of Fort Gibson, which would have ceded their Florida homeland.In December 1835, during what became known as the Second Seminole War (183542), Solaces and a baa ND followers ambushed and killed a government agent, Wiley Thompson, and several others. Army troops arrested him in Cot beer 1837, while under a flag of truce. He was imprisoned, first at Fort Marion in SST. Augustine, Florida, and later at Fort Mom letter, near Charleston, South Carolina 23. 2nd Bank of the US – was the most powerful bank in the country. Its pres dent, Nicholas Fiddle, set policies that controlled the country's money supply. President Jackson disliked the bank. He thought t had too much power.He felt that the bank's policies favored wealthy people and hurt the average person. To operate, the bank needed a charter from the federal government. Its charter was scheduled to expire in 1836. But Fiddle ask ed Congress to Rene ewe it in 1832. That was an election year. Fiddle thought that Jackson would agree to the renewal and not risk being defeated. But Jackson took the risk. Jackson vetoed Congress's renewal of the bank's charter. He said the bank was unconstitutional al. The Supreme Court had ruled that the bank was constitutional. But Jackson claimed that elected officials could judge whether a law was constitutional for themselves.They did not have to rely on the Court. Jackson's opposition to the bank was a major sis u in the 1832 election. The people agreed with Jackson. After Jackson worn, he set out to destroy the bank. He took federal m none out of the national bank and put it in state banks. As a result, the national bank went out of existence 24. Nicholas Fiddle – became president of the Second Bank of the United Stats sees in 1823, vowing to create an actual national currency and to achieve â€Å"a more enlarged development of its resources and a wider extension o f its sphere of usefulness. 25. Bank Charter – Searching for an issue to use against Jackson in the preside initial campaign of 1832, Clay forced Jackson's hand on the Bank. Clay convinced Fiddle to apply to Congress for a new chart err, even though the current charter would not expire until 1836. Confident of congressional approval, Clay reasoned that he had Jackson trapped. If Jackson went along with he new charter, Clay could take credit for the measure. If he vetoed it, Clay co old attack Jackson as the enemy of a sound banking system. Clay's clever strategy backfired.Jackson turned on him and t he Bank with a vengeance. As he told his heir apparent, â€Å"The bank, Mr.. Van Burden, is trying to kill me, but I will kill it! † Jacks n and his advisers realized that the Bank was vulnerable as a symbol of privileged monopoly, a monstrous institution that d prided common Americans of their right to compete equally for economic advantage. Moreover, many of these adviser s were also state bankers and local developers, who caked Jackson precisely because they wanted to be free of federal restraints on their business activities. 26.Bank Veto – On July 10, 1832, Jackson vetoed the recharging bill for the B ann. in a message that appealed both to state bankers and to foes Of all banks. He took a ringing â€Å"stand against all new grants Of monopolies an d exclusive privileges, against any prostitution of our Government to the advancement of the few at the expense of the many. † 27. Intimations Party – It was based on distrust and dislike of the secretive Freemasons. Outrage reached a fever pitch in the I ate asses and early asses, fueled by the 1826 disappearance of William Morgan, a bricklayer who had written a book about the society's alleged secrets.The Masons were rumored to have murdered him. In 1831, the is party became the first to select its presidential nominee at a national convention, and the first to issue a party platf orm. Thee r candidate William Wire carried Vermont in 1832 but could not even come close to ousting Andrew Jackson from the presidency y. The party soon died out, and many members became Whig. 28. Democratic Party – Favored local rule, Favored Limited Go Vermont, Favored Free Trade, Favored Equal Economic Opportunity for White Males, Opposed Monopolies, Opposed a National Bank, Opposed High Tariffs, Opposed High Land Prices. 9. Pet banks – On September 1 0, 1833, Jackson removed all federal funds from the Second B ann. of the U. S. , redistributing them to these various state banks 30. Specie Circular -? in 1836, Prestidigitation authorized the Treasury to issue a decree that required all public lands to be purchased with â€Å"hard,† or metallic, money. This drastic SST pep slammed the brakes on the speculative boom, a kneecapping change of direction that contributed to a financial panic and CRA h in 1837. 31.

Life in the Universe: The Significance of Planet X

The Internet is replete with sites touting proof of extraterrestrial life in the universe; television programs found on channels with a scientific slant, such as Discovery, The Learning Channel, The History Channel, SciFi, and Nova, explore the possibilities of extraterrestrial life on a regular basis; a slew of books have been published by those claiming to have had close encounters with alien beings, or to have witnessed events that suggest the presence of such. Many of these claims have been proven fraudulent or misinterpreted, yet some remain persuasive. Currently, there is some compelling evidence that extraterrestrial beings might not only exist, but might also have visited our planet throughout history. While a great majority of this evidence can be dismissed as the meanderings of the bored, mentally ill, or those interested in making money on the naivetà © of others, some of it is not so easily discharged. As far back as recorded history exists, there are suggestions of extraterrestrial visitations; artistic renderings of strange objects in the sky, beings that do not look human, and societies who function at a technological level that defies the development of the era. While modern technology might afford us evidence considered more empirical or irrefutable, in the past, no such evidence could be had. Historically, there are numerous depictions in art that suggest an awareness of alien beings or spaceships. One such painting entitled The Madonna with Saint Giovannino by the 15th century artist Domenico Ghirlandaio, depicts a flying saucer type object in the sky over Mary's shoulder, and a man with his dog, staring up at it. It seems clearly to be an alien spacecraft. Now, while paintings are clearly not the same as photographs, but merely renderings from the psyche of the artist, there still has to be some pertinent reason why an artist would place something so odd in his painted sky. The obvious suggestion here, is that he might have seen such an object, or the consciousness of the time was at least partly centered on these things. In 1486, Carlos Crivelli's painting, The Annunciation with Saint Emidius depicts a spaceship that is sending a beam of light to the head of Mary. But what if faith is not the only avenue toward belief? What if scientific data in the form of archeology, astronomy, physics and other disciplines point to the truth of extraterrestrial presence on our planet? Numerous hieroglyphs have been found that are clearly representations of objects in the ancient sky, objects that suggest a technology far advanced for the era. The fact that these objects were airborne at all, was of course cause for investigation. One such relief carving found in the beams of the ceiling of the New Kingdom Temple at the Giza Plateau in Egypt, clearly depicts a modern day helicopter, a submarine, a glider or perhaps a space shuttle (Crystal). It would be difficult to explain these images away as anything other than what they appear to be. Delving deeper into the antecedents for these ideas leads to examination of advanced cultures of the past. The Sumerian culture is one of the most advanced cultures ever known, yet they existed during a time period where most people lived in a primitive fashion. Still, they created many mathematical concepts, geometry, algebra, and were the first to develop the zodiac, dividing the heavens into the 12 houses; the first to develop 400 characters of cuneiform writing, and the first to display a complete understanding of astronomy. â€Å"Ooparts is the term used to describe the purportedly out of place in time artifacts, toys, tools, technical devices, depictions and documents which have come to light through archaeological excavation or discovery† (Freer). The Sumerians' culture is filled with ooparts that cannot be explained in any way other than they were influenced by another species from a more advanced culture. Sumerians recorded a great deal of their own history, even the day to day mundane events. It is clear from their records that they lived among beings they referred to as the Anunnaki. These beings were purportedly from the plant Nibiru, and had come here to colonize. This is where the Sumerians gained their incredible knowledge base, apparent in all their artifacts and records. For instance, the Sumerians knew the number of planets and the distance of the planets from Earth—how? We didn't even know that until we sent probes in the 1970's. How could they know so much about astronomy? All of this knowledge, though, is authenticated by artifacts left behind (AncientX). Religion aside, the theory with the most veracity, also seems the most far-fetched: that an alien race colonized our planet half a million years ago, and we are a product of genetic engineering and cross breeding. Russian-born archeologist Zecharia Sitchin, not only believes that, but has presented an impressive amount of data that would seem to prove his theory. Sitchin was raised in Palestine, gaining a formidable knowledge of ancient Hebrew, among other languages, and is â€Å"one of the few scholars who is able to read and understand Sumerian† (XFacts). Through study of Sumerian culture and artifacts, he has pieced together the historical details that explain this outlandish postulate. According to Sitchin, the Sumerians spoke of 12 planets in the solar system, contrary to our current knowledge of nine. They counted the sun and moon in that number, so according to them, there is one other planet in our solar system. This planet was known as Nibiru by the Sumerians, and current day references are usually â€Å"Planet X† which is a play on both the unknown and the fact that â€Å"X† is the Roman numeral for â€Å"ten,† and Nibiru would be the tenth planet, if we continue to discount the sun and moon as planets. Modern science has discovered that â€Å"the human genome contains 223 genes that do not have the required predecessors on the genomic evolutionary tree (Sitchin)† The question then becomes: where did those mysterious genes come from? Another interesting indicator is that lead NASA scientists believe there is another planet beyond Pluto, based on the inability of Pluto's mass to cause certain disturbances in orbit, referred to as perturbances, and wobbling movements of that planet. These movements suggest a gravitational pull beyond Pluto that can only be explained by the presence of another large planet, two to five times the size of earth. Scientists have also recently put forth the Orpheus Theory—that a rogue planet collided with Earth, and this created a new version of Earth, and our current moon, and also explains the asteroid belt, among other things. This theory supports what the Sumerians recorded 6,000 years ago (XFacts), which would suggest strongly that the Sumerians had knowledge of many things that cannot be explained other than with the input from another race from another planet. This information alone, should be enough to justify further investigation into not only the presence of a 10th (or 12th) planet, but the possibility that there are other lifeforms that have come from that planet to Earth in the past, and could do it again in the future. Further along in the historic timeline, we have discovered more tangible reasons to explore the idea of intelligent life in the universe aside from our own.   In 1938, an archeological dig in the Baian-Lara-Ula mountain between China and Tibet, produced a collection of graves in a series of interlocking caves. On the walls, were pictograms of the celestial sky, connected by dots. In the graves, were the remains of humanoids that were not like any known. The skeletons had oversized craniums, and short, spindly limbs, and all were much shorter than normal.   The team members considered that maybe these were the skeletons of apes, but as the archeologist Dr. Chi Pu Tei reportedly said, â€Å"Whoever heard of apes burying each other?† Soon afterward, Dr. Tei, discovered a disk-shaped stone in the floor of the cave which had a perfectly round hole in the center and an engraved line spiraling outward on the stoneThe team unearthed hundreds of these ancient carved stones buried in the floor of the cave, obviously remnants of a people who lived 12,000 years ago. With a magnifying glass, closer inspection was done of the groove in the stones, which so resembled an ancient phonograph record. It was a record, but not of the musical variety, unless you count the strange tone it made when they later spun the stone on a makeshift turntable. The score (pun intended) was really a continuous line of hieroglyphics. In 1962, Dr. Tsum Um Nui began to transcribe the writings, and decode them. He discerned that the stones told the story of the Dropa, who came down from the clouds in their aircraft† (AncientX). As the story went, they were stranded after a crash-landing, and before the local people understood that they were peaceful, and were repulsed by their appearance, so they hunted them down and even killed some. The Dropa were unable to repair their aircraft in order to return to their home planet. Today, it is known that there are two tribes indigenous to the area who possess odd anatomical features—larger heads, shorter bodies, yellowish skin. The local lore about these â€Å"invaders that came from the sky† matches the bodies found in the cave. Nui composed a paper for submission to the university, regarding the contents of the Dropa Stone messages but was denied publication by the Academy of Prehistory, and he was even told not to discuss his findings. The University felt that the world could not be told of the story of the Dropa, who apparently came to earth from another planet in a space craft, crash-landed and were subsequently stranded. But the information did beg the question about possible descendants having survived, and the connection this information might have with the history of the ancient Sumerians. All cultures since then commonly believed that they were descended from â€Å"heavenly beings.† This is perhaps an indication of the accuracy of oral tradition. But many other hieroglyphs and petroglyphs and petrographs around the world speak of this event, and often depict spacecraft and other-worldly beings. Contrary to our wishes, there can be no absolutes in some perennial questions. The possibility that alien life forms visited the Earth is one of those examples. I don't believe anyone has enough empirical evidence to take a staunch position on the existence of extraterrestrial visitations, versus the non existence of them.   Therefore , conclusions one way or another are merely postulates, theories and entertainments. What can be known, is that technologically advanced cultures have existed in antiquity, and that there is compelling evidence that these might have been influenced by intelligent life from another planet. Without empirical proof, however, the questions remain a mystery. There are other considerations that must be addressed. The capability of aliens to visit our planet, would naturally suggest a technologically advanced civilization far exceeding our own. Therefore, had they wanted to make themselves clearly known, they could have. The fact that they haven't revealed themselves boldly, can mean either they do not wish to for whatever reason, or that â€Å"they† do not exist. With mounting evidence indicating the existence of these other worldly beings, it becomes more and more difficult to ignore the possibilities, and more and more likely that we may all find ourselves questioning the paradigm of our ultimate source. With the elliptical orbit of Planet X/Nibiru expected to make its 3600 year pass near Earth in 2013, we may be doomed to another impact that will create a new Earth 3, or we may find ourselves shaking hands with a visiting delegation of Anunnaki. Either way, nothing will ever be the same again. Works Cited AncientX: Jason Martell's Research. â€Å"The 12,000 Year Old Dropa Stones.† 2006. Retrieved on 22 October 2006 from ;http://ancientx.com/nm/anmviewer.asp?a=61;. Crystal, Ellie. â€Å"Ancient Egyptian Flying Vehicles.†. Crystalinks. 2006. Retrieved on 21 October 2006 from ;http://www.crystalinks.com/ancientaircraft.htm;. Freer, Neil. â€Å"Sumerian Culture and the Anunnaki.† UFO Evidence. 2006. Retrieved on 20 October 2006 from ;http://www.ufoevidence.org/documents/doc147.htm;. Sitchin, Zecharia. â€Å"The Case of Adam's Alien Genes.† 2001. Retrieved on 21 October 2006 from ;http://www.sitchin.com/adam.htm;. XFacts Research. 2003. Retrieved on 21 October 2006 from ;http://xfacts.com/x.htm;. ;

Medea: Passion vs. Reason

Medea: Passion vs. Reason â€Å"The passions are like fire, useful in a thousand ways and dangerous only in one, through their excess,† stated Christian Nestell Bovee a famous mid-19th century author. â€Å"Logic, like whiskey, loses its beneficial effect when taken in too large quantities,† stated Lord Dunsany a famous Anglo-Irish writer during the 1900s. These quotes demonstrate a strong theme in the Greek play Medea written by Euripides. In the play Medea, the protagonist Medea learns that her husband Jason breaks every vow and betrays her by taking another woman to bed.Feeling outraged and hurt, Medea decides to take revenge. She carries out her plan successfully and the play concludes with Medea escaping off to Athens. Throughout the play, two distinct concepts of beliefs and point of views are revealed in the two main characters of the play, Medea and Jason. Medea sees the world through the views of passion whereas Jason sees the world through the views of reason. The main characters express an extremity of either passion or reason which leads them to their own downfall; moreover, through both Medea and Jason's actions, the strength and weakness of each attribute is revealed.According to the Oxford Dictionary, passion is defined as a â€Å"strong and barely controllable emotion and a state or outburst of strong emotion†. The protagonist of the play, Medea, demonstrates an excessive passion which leads her to destruction. The strongest factor that contributes to Medea’s unreasonable passion is her extreme love for Jason. In the beginning of the play the nurse mourns that, â€Å"[Medea’s] heart on fire with passionate love for Jason; nor would she have persuaded the daughters of Pelias to kill their father†¦ and she herself helped Jason in every way† (P. 1).The protagonist passionate love for Jason deceives her thoughts and leaves her with nothing but hope for Jason’s love. However, Medea’s hope s trips and shatters to pieces when she learns that Jason has left her for another woman. Medea explains to the chorus that, â€Å"It has broken [her] heart. [She is] finished. † (P. 8). Medea simply wishes to die. However, Medea’s suicidal mind fades away as her excessive passion feeds upon her hatred and rage which leads her to uncalled acts of revenge. She calls out to the gods to pray that â€Å"[she] may see [Jason], him and his bride and their entire place hattered for the wrong they dare to do [her] without cause† (P. 6). Motivated by animosity, Medea successfully murders the Princess and the king. However, lost in the sea of hatred Medea then decides to â€Å"kill [her] own children† (P. 26). From her own actions, Medea destroys everything that she cares for due to an excessive in both love and hatred. Medea’s superfluous love makes her sacrifice her family, status, and home. Furthermore, Medea’s actions due to hatred destroy her futur e. For example, to achieve ultimate revenge, Medea kills her own two sons to make Jason suffer.However, at the same time â€Å"[Medea] feel the pain [herself]. [She] share[s] in [Jason’s] sorrow† (P. 44). The killing of her own children will make her feel a lifelong agony. For Medea, love does not simply turn to abhorrence. A main cause of this sudden shift in passion is Jason’s betrayal. Also to Medea, it is her redundant and hurtful pride that unleashes the hate inside her. Many times throughout the play Medea expresses â€Å"For it is not bearable to be mocked by enemies† (P. 26). Medea cannot allow others to laugh at her misfortune and only through the murder of her enemies could she feel redeemed and her pride restored.Reason defined by Oxford Dictionary means to â€Å"think, understand and form judgment logically†. Through his own excessive reasoning, the antagonist of the story, Jason, falls to destruction. Firstly in his mind, Jason sees ev erything to be explained by reason. Jason betrays Medea by marrying the Princess of Corinth. His purpose for such a cold hearted action is simply â€Å"that [they] might live well, and not be short of anything† (P. 18). To Jason, all the betraying is just a desperate act in hope to have what is best for the family. Secondly, in Jason‘s mind he never expects Medea to act irrationally because he neglects her feelings.In Jason’s eyes â€Å"it would have been for better far for men to have gotten their children in some other way, and women not to have existed† (P. 18). Jason believes that the only reason and positive outcome of marriage is children. Another example is when Jason argues that, â€Å" women have got such a state of mind that, if [their] life at night is good, [they] think [they] have everything; but, if in that quarter things go wrong, [they] will consider [their] best and truest interest most hateful† (P. 18). Jason thinks that Medea is o utraged because he took another woman to chamber. In addition, because he disregardedMedea’s love for him, he does not take into consideration that it is his betrayal that outrages Medea. Having too much reasoning and too little passion, Jason is left with nothing but hopeless and misery. Jason’s inability to see Medea’s revenge causes him to fall from the top to the bottom leaving him with nothing: no power, wealth, family, bloodlines and respect. In his last conversation with Medea, Jason cries that, â€Å"for [him] remains to cry aloud upon [his] fate, who will get no pleasure from [his] newly wedded love, and the boys whom [he] begot and brought up, never shall [he] speak to them alive.Oh, [his] life is over! † (P. 44). Medea’s final blow to Jason’s life is providing him with a prophecy about his death. In his character, Jason’s ratio of reason to passion is surely not proportional which blinds him from seeing Medea’s irrat ionality thus his downfall resulted. Everyone in society has both passion and reason. No one has one without the other. Both passion and reason have its own strengths and weakness which expresses through the main characters of Medea. Through the behaviors of Medea, many strength and weakness of passion are seen.For Medea, Passion is able to become strength and motivation for her reprisal. In text, Medea’s abundant love for Jason causes her to do anything for him, including sacrificing her own family. On the other hand, Medea’s excessive hatred overpowers her mind and becomes overboard with her actions. For instance, Medea plans â€Å"Next after [killing the princess]; for [she] shall kill [her] own children† (P. 26). Medea killing her own children will surely be the most evil act of humanity and all result from immoderate passion. Also, positive and negative aspects of logic are shown through Jason’s arguments.Strength of being rational is to be able to t hink about the positive and negative of things before making a decision. For example, â€Å"when [Jason] [arrives] here from the land of Iolcus †¦ [he] [is], in every kind of difficulty,† he exclaims, â€Å"what luckier chance could [he] have come across than this, an exile to marry the daughter of the king? †(P. 18). The outcomes of Jason’s plan have far more advantages than disadvantages. However, an extremity of reasoning may lead to neglecting the feelings of others. For instance, Jason neglects Medea’s love.Even though both have positive and negative aspects, in Euripides’ view having excessive passion is better than excessive reasoning. He consummates the play with Medea having her triumph and escaping to Athens with â€Å"such a chariot has Helius, [her] father’s father given [her] to defend from [her] enemies† (P. 43). With Medea having the final victory, readers may tell that Euripides chooses passion over reason. One ma y think, without the ability to feel and to have emotions, human would be no different from robots. These qualities are what make one human.The play Medea justifies both Christian Nestell Bovee’s point, â€Å"The passions are like fire, useful in a thousand ways and dangerous only in one, through their excess† and Lord Dunsany‘s view, â€Å"Logic, like whiskey, loses its beneficial effect when taken in too large quantities† . The extremity of passion and reason are revealed in the play Medea. Jason played a role of a rationalist and Medea an irrationalist. Via Medea’s superfluous passion, disastrous events occur in which guilt and grief will accompany Medea for the rest of her life. On the other hand, Jason is left with nothing due to his acute logical mind.His inconsideration for feelings and desire for acquisition are all causes of Jason’s denouement. Through the events in the story, properties, reason and passion have its own strength and weakness. Too much passion could lead to poor choices. On the contrary, de trop reasoning could lead one to a stone-heart. Both Jason and Medea possess an extremity of passion or reason which proves to be their hamartia. Even though each attribute has its own strength and weakness people should have a harmonic balance between reason and passion. Only then would one be ideal in making decisions. Just like in life, everything needs to have a balance.