love and relationships - 1615 Words

By Abbas Zaher Introduction and analysis of Poems (Part A) Warmth of connection, elegance and beauty, passion, support and sacrifice. These are all vital elements needed for love. This anthology of poems is about the theme loving relationships. These poems allow the reader to explore the ways in which each relationship has a different overall emotion. From the thrill and passion described in â€Å"Electric Love† by Denis Glover to the overwhelming care and nurturing in â€Å"Bridge over troubled water† by Paul Simon. Readers gain an enhanced perspective of how strong bonds between one another are dominated by an overall different love. This is demonstrated in the poem ‘Tidal Wave’ by Stacy Lynn Stiles. This poem shows a mothers affectionate†¦show more content†¦This is also shown in the quote â€Å"Sail on silvergirl sail on by your time has come to shine†¦ if you need a friend I’m sailing right behind†. The â€Å"sail on silvergirl sail on by† reveals that his time of taking care of her is over, however â€Å"if you need a friend I’m sailing right behind† portrays that he will always be there for her to protect her. Therefore the father wants to keep hold of the loving relationship between him and his daughter and do whatever it takes to keep her safe and happy. Thrill, excitement and happiness are demonstrated in the poem â€Å"Electric Love† by Denis Glover and also the spark between a man and a woman. This is portrayed in â€Å"Oh yes my loves a dynamo, who charges all the air; my love is an Electrolux† The mixture of vibrant, joyful metaphors demonstrates the excitement and liveliness that they have in the relationship. The quote â€Å"my love is a dynamo who charges all the air† implies that his love is captivating and full of energy and whenever he sees her there is a spark which seems to arouse him. Also â€Å"My love is an Electrolux† represents that his love lights up his life and brightens his day. This is also conveyed in â€Å"Hers is the current keeping bright. My filament of being†. This combination of stimulating metaphors exemplifies the strong love in the relationship. â€Å"My filament of being† shows that his love is keeping him alive andShow MoreRelatedLove : Love And Relationships Essay1213 Words   |  5 PagesLove and relationships Love is a significant aspect in people’s lives that requires commitment and attention. Despite the many assumptions on love, it is important to understand that happiness in love comes from sharing not only the good but also the bad. In order to have a successful relationship, there is need to understand that love requires sacrifices as well as endeavoring to cultivate love for mutual benefit. If true love existed in the world, there would be no need for divorce. EveryoneRead MoreRelationship Between Love And Love1040 Words   |  5 PagesStephanie Gibson Professor Alling 1101.42 11/07/2017 Love Love has many different meanings, it can be love between a friend or family member, it can be a mother’s love for her child, a person’s love for a pet. The people that say they love these things aren’t wrong love is a very powerful emotion and feeling. Webster defines love as â€Å"a strong affection for another person out of kinship or personal connections (2): a sexual attraction, affection felt by lovers (3): affection stemming from admirationRead MoreYoung Love and Relationships1410 Words   |  6 PagesYoung Love and Relationships Everybody feels love at one time or another, be it a love for a family member or a friend. Some people fall in and out of love on a regular basis while others take time to find just the right one. Everyone experiences this differently. Love between two people is distinct and exceptional. Although being in love with someone is easy and free, love is still a powerful emotion that can build and destroy. Since majority of the youth in our society start with their first loveRead MoreLove Is Not An Exclusive Relationship Essay1437 Words   |  6 Pages Love is not an exclusive relationship; love is a quality and depth of being. Our outer relationships are a mirror of our basic inner relationship with ourselves. Relationships are a balance, a development and a dance between our male and female qualities. All people seek love, joy and harmony in their own way. We all want to be loved for who we are. We all want to be acknowledged and accepted for the unique individual we are. The problem in relationships arises when we seek our own center, ourRead MoreHard Love : Tough Love Relationships942 Words   |  4 PagesTough Love Tough love relationships exist in both real life and novels. It typically shows a struggle in a relationship between two or more people. Without it, the development of a person, real or not, is almost flat. Authors, for the most part, have always included a variety of tough love relationships in their works. The reason is to mainly help spark some kind of interest from the readers. Tough love relationships are also created to show scenarios that could also potentially happen in real lifeRead MoreThe Relationship Of Vulnerability And Love997 Words   |  4 Pagesdoing a great deal of thinking about the relationship of vulnerability and love. Believe it or not, you are the most vulnerable when you are experiencing love. Years and years ago, I used to believe love was simply an elusive feeling, more of an ideal than a reality. Love was simply a fascination that you felt at the beginning of a relationship but never achieved in a way that was portrayed in the movies or in romance nov els. In hindsight, I believe the â€Å"love† that I felt was merely a combinationRead MoreA Love Relationship with Reading1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cause and Effect Relationship of a Love for Reading I. Reading Increasing Your Knowledge A. Enhancing Overall Vocabulary B. Increasing Analytical Thinking C. Allowing the Mind to Grow II. Helping Decrease Daily Stress A. Allowing us to Relax B. Improving our Self-Esteem C. Escaping to Other Places III. Evolving Naturally Into Writing A. Reading Naturally Extends to Writing B. Learning from Better Writers and Authors C. Writing and Reading â€Æ' Do you love reading or do you hateRead MoreRelationship Between Love And Romantic Relationships Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pages Love Romantic Relationships According to the dictionary , the word â€Å"relationship† is defined a particular type of connection existing between people related to or having dealing with each other. There are many times of ways to make a relationship last. According to the dictionary love is an intense feeling of deep affection. Love, trust, and communication are the three most important attributes in my eyes. Relationships between friends, family, and couples should be the lasting ones, and inRead MoreEssay on Love Relationships2589 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract: In every relationship, there are two halves. One you can control, yours and the other is controlled by the other half in the relationship. This paper will emphasis on what it takes to have a true relationship with someone, rather if it is a friend or lover all the components need to be in place just like the solar system with the planets aligned. If your planets are not aligned in a relationship, it is doomed to fail. This paper will discuss the methods that are valuable to haveRead MoreThe Relationship Between Love And Suffering1349 Words   |  6 PagesMay 1, 2015 The relationship between love and suffering What is love? Love is a stated mind that wishes others to be happy and free from suffering. The more someone loves another, the more suffering they may experience as a result of love because the heart speaks unto the heart. In the novel, Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel, we can see how Tita is condemned to suffering. Since Tita was born, she was in need of love from her mother, but she received love from the maid, Nacha, who

How Have Female Figures Played a Role in Art History Essay

Throughout history female figures have played an important role as subject matter. The female figure is very subjective, as peered through the different lenses of varying cultures. The status and functions of women in these cultures are the primary factors that influence how they are portrayed in art of a certain culture. However, the female figure itself through its natural and inherent iconography represents fertility and the importance of women in society. This natural iconography creates certain parallels in content between all works that use the female figure as subject matter. This varying subjectivity of a female’s status based on an artist’s culture will create differences in content and themes; however some aspects remain similar†¦show more content†¦This statue has played an important role in representing the religious and political culture of the Yoruba using themes of the female figure. In the Athena Parthenos created by Phidias and housed in the Pa rthenon of Athens, the female subject primarily exhibits the power of a goddess and various idiosyncrasies of the Ancient Greek culture. The picture that emerges is a standing, fully armed, and elaborately dresses Athena, holding a small statue of Nike in her outstretched right hand and cradling her spear with he left. The Statue of Athena is very representative of fertility not because of any particular content but because of the subject. In Greek mythology, Athena was supposedly born from the mind of Zeus. She represents a symbol of life and birth without any particular styles of the art that agree. Undeniably, she is also a goddess. She is capable of great power and her size commands respect. Her armor and weapons, phallic symbols, show that even as a female she can be revered as a goddess of power. Greek culture reveres its gods and goddesses and her power is derived from the status that she has gained from her wisdom and birthright. The fact that she, and all other female figur es of Greece were clothed, while men were often nude, shows that women did not have as high a social status as men did. Nudes wereShow MoreRelatedVitaly Komar and Alexander Melamid:1529 Words   |  7 Pages1940s, studied together in the Moscow Art School from 1958-1960 (DAF 1). They began their collaborative work in 1965, and in 1967, they established the SOTS Art movement (the Soviet version of Western Pop Art). Through their SOTS Art movement they worked along with other Soviet nonconformist artists to create work that challenged the rigid official style of Socialist Realism (DAF 1). They held their first international exhibition at Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York, in 1976 and from that timeRead MoreGender, Racial, Violence, And Other Forms Of Discrimination1438 Words   |  6 Pageswithout changing culture.† Our society experiences all of these problems and I would like to focus on the gender perspective in the 21st century and how women have had more of an influenc e in music than people actually realize. Men have dominated the music industry and business but women have been the underlying reason as for why men and other females have been so successful in the music scene. One of the first great jazz musicians ever to live was Louis Armstrong, known for his singing, trumpet playingRead MoreThe Impact Of Art On Our Lives1338 Words   |  6 Pagesmost modern and first world countries, our history has only repeated itself throughout the years. The only thing that has changed is our evolution, or developments in Culture, Technology and discovering the very meaning of being alive on this planet. Art has played a huge role in many developments, with such massive visual influence. It has easily changed, manipulated and persuaded people throughout history, for good and for evil. Art plays an essential role in our everyday and social lives. It’s everywhereRead MoreGender Roles : Women, Gender, Sexuality And Other Facets Of Identity1623 Words   |  7 PagesGender roles play as an important role in how the society has interpreted the distinction between the male and the female. The distinction of different gender roles evolves over time, with the const ant influence of â€Å"class, ethnicity, sexuality and other facets of identity†. (Judith Butler, 1990) This essay will consider three distinctive examples of how artists have questioned gendered stereotypes over time. The essay will also explore examples of female being represented as male and male beingRead MoreEarly Asian Theatre ( Indian, China, Japan )1595 Words   |  7 Pagesdrama plays were performed in the ancient drama theatre Koodiyattam, which is in Kerala in the Chakyar community; Sanskrit drama was also performed in grand palaces. Sanskrit drama was performed for the nobles and the courts. The drama reflects Hindu art and thoughts, so many people flourished to see the performance. 5. What was the leader of a performing troupe called? The leader of a performing troupe was called a Sudtradhara. 6. In SanskritRead MorePerformance Works of Artists in the Decades after Minimalism1113 Words   |  5 Pagesperformance works, particularly by female artists in the decades after minimalism. How they used both the literal body, and participatory art as a vehicle to communication contemporary art practice. Evaluating the affects these works have had on contemporary art practice. The role that minimalism played in the advent of performance art Minimalism’s greatest contribution to performance art was its dismantling of metaphor, the creation of a purely self referential art, an art that didn’t refer to anythingRead MoreEssay On Frida Kahlo1342 Words   |  6 PagesKahlo was one of the most influential female artists in the twentieth century. Being a woman in a misogynistic career, Kahlo did not experience the fame she has today while she was still alive. Through her captivating paintings she reveals the dark side of life, relating to her own experiences. Many articles, bibliographies, movies, and even Frida Kahlo’s diary have been published for scholars, artists, and feminists to discuss the influence Kahlo had on art and society. Although the movie FridaRead MoreWomen in Art and Their Role’s in Society Essay817 Words   |  4 Pages Women have played many roles in societies since the dawn of time ever changing with time and from society to society. Each society hold a special place and role for women good and bad. Freedoms and equality of women has varied from opression to freedom. I will discuss some specific pieces of art and explain how the art shows the role of women in a specific society. I will tell you of their paril and achivements through time. Giving you a glimpse into the lives of women and how they were percievedRead MoreExamples Of Hysteria In The Crucible1048 Words   |  5 Pagestested with regards to their faith and put on trial for witchcraft. In this play, nineteen are hanged and one is pressed to death for the crime of being a witch, for that being John Proctor. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller uses McCarthyism to show how important mass hysteria is, mass hysteria involving Abigail, and the breaking of Mary Warrens will leads to mass hysteria. In the play, the phrase â€Å"mass hysteria† cannot by itself do the work. Even now, most people seem to read the play in the wayRead MoreThe Roles of Women in France863 Words   |  3 PagesFrom the mastery of French cuisine to the meaning of French art, the French have changed and evolved in many ways to produce a specific modern culture, the dignified culture of the French. One thing that parallels the progress and continuation of French culture is the role of women throughout France. Compared to other nations, the role and rights of women in France were confronted earlier and Women’s suffrage was enacted earlier. The role of women in France, because of the early change in perception

Leading and Managing Organisational Change

Question: Write an essay on "Leading and Managing Organisational Change". Answer: Change Resistance This report reflects my personal opinion and the vast experience on number of issues relating to change. It also provides a reflection on resistance to the change and the impact on organisation. Forces that contribute to change can be External and Internal and these combine to form the change like Economic and political, Cultural and Social, Technological and New Leadership, New Mission, Conflict (Todnem ,2005). Resistance can be usually referred to as an inevitable response that arises with change and shall therefore exist within organization. This can occur at various organisational levels. Therefore it becomes the necessary action that needs to be taken by these individuals and also the groups when they presume that change which is happening poses a threat for them. It also can encourage healthy work discussions. Management looks at resistance as the end thing during process of change. In major cases it is likely that it will bring detrimental impact towards the whole organisational program. Hence organisations realised the advantages of team work and involvement of Leadership to overcome these barriers. It also encouraged understanding the ways in influencing Leader. To understand better we can take the example the technology which people were averse because of the complexities, but with leaders in the industry able to guide them through the process in understanding how simple it makes their work with little effort helped the industry to grow. Behavioural concepts Leadership After learning the behavioural approach helped to understand the positive and negative effects and the desired actions from management. The Behavioural concepts and theories of the leadership mainly focus on studying specific traits of the leader ( oran, Brightman, 2000)Two types of leaders Task Oriented Leaders mainly concentrate their behaviours on the organisational structure, the operating practices while looking to keep close control. They look at favouring behaviours which are in tune with Organising, with initiating, with clarifying and also with information gathering. People oriented leaders primarily focus on ensuring inner needs and concerns of people are met first. These leaders look at motivating the staff by focussing more on human relationship. They however manage to concentrate on the work and the results which these leaders achieve by different means. These Leaders with people concentration posses traits that are in tune with Listening, observing, encouraging, mentoring and also coaching. Through Psychodynamics, better known the dynamic psychology, in the broad aspect, is the approach towards the psychology which emphasizes the systematic study of the psychological forces that make of the human behaviour, the emotions, the feelings and their relation to early experience. A understanding is the behaviour of the salesman in the organisation where his reaction to the various achievements when he is rewarded and also at times he is unable to achieve his targets. The leadership approach underlying there to make the salesman motivated makes its impact. After motivation has personally witnessed Salesman in our organisation achieve double digit targets (Burnes, 2004). Teams /Groups are defined as number of people looking at completing the task together. Hence group identity is created. Largely people belong to Group membership by one way or other by nation, religion, sport etc. Therefore this Group membership influences the behaviour of individuals in different ways by providing a sense of identity and also security, helps develops a structure with including roles, establishing the norms and also expectations for members to conform, improves the output through the collective support which can result in also conflict with the other groups, communication of shared knowledge. I have seen myself taking pride in being associated with groups that provides me with recognition that is at my society, office or elsewhere. It creates the pressure to perform to achieve the groups norms which are rules about behaviour in the group that they set. Team work is a technique that organisations use to gain the benefits of the groups presence has on the individual behaviour. It affects the work in the organisation (Dessler, 2001). From my personal experience belong to a group which is having its feet on ground and are very practical oriented in life. From the organisations perspective have a team where we can take effective decisions, help each other to accomplish the tasks by helping each other. The above context also summarises the interdependence that myself experience which can be of the degree of Interdependence, pooled interdependence, sequential interdependence, and reciprocal interdependence depending on the various stages of operations and circumstances in life. Hence with understanding it is well understood that Team work enhances the end results. Dunbars and group norms This report reflects upon the personal views and the experience on issues relating to the Dunbars Number which are really a suggested cognitive limit on number of manpower along with those one really can maintain a positive social relationship. Its about relationship wherein an individual must know about each person and how they relate to every other (Hallinger, 2003). Therefore it is important to know the relationship and the limit to the number of individuals to work in the team. From my experience after undertaking a project we realised that too many people in that team were spoiling the project because of various issues that was because of motivation, proper coaching etc. Hence we downsized the number of people as it started fetching better results. This inspired me to have better leadership skills where effective communication is very vital. Having discussed task and relationship oriented leaders myself understood that it is better to maintain a relationship approach at the same time keeping the task on priority basis. Therefore it has to be combination of both as ultimately organisation grows if people within organisations grow. Hence it is vital to have group discussions (Beer, 2000). Having experience both a leader and also a follower these qualities are important for Leaders to be honest, inspiring, forward thinking and more so competent to lead while Followers need to be also honest, dependable, cooperative and also competent to perform the task. It is also important for Leaders to look at the influence where he should impact and also provide necessary freedom to the group. Hence he should Decide, Consult individually, and Consult the Group, Facilitate and then Delegate. Leadership traits After having understood and experienced it is these qualities like vision, strategy, decisions, challenges, teamwork, creativity, motivation and ambition are vital to work effectively in the organisation. It is therefore the very qualities that determine the job fitness for growth. It can also be the Type like realistic, investigative, social, conventional, enterprising and artistic with personal characteristics and their occupations which they suit to. Leaders behaviour towards the members can be in-group or out-group depending on his personality as I have experienced more of in-group in the various organisations worked providing Direction, Monitoring, Motivating, Support and also giving rewards ( Elving, 2005). It is important for leaders to have qualities that support change. The edgy catalyser to create change creates discomfort, visionary motivator energizes people by engagement, measured connector- sees the purpose and connectivity to help change, tenacious implementer who sets and plans deadlines and the needed progress to achieve, being a thoughtful type architect designs the strategies that lead to provide basis for change. Leadership Styles Having seen Leadership styles differ from person to person and also across organisations like Authoritarian, Delegative and Participative. Participative leaders bring positive environment, cooperative relationship, diversity that is valued, balance in participation, conflict management concepts, clear defined goals and roles, clear and also open communication methods, and finally effective use decision making capabilities. From my present experience in my organisation it is important be involved, take ownership and be committed to the job at hand (Peus et al 2009). Planned Unplanned change Unplanned change occurs because of lack of planning. Therefore it is vital to see the types and process of change like the planned, Unplanned, Evolutionary or Revolutionary. Its from the experience from my organisation to implements new technologies we faced this unfreezing, changing and freezing of the process and thereby helped its implementation (Crawford Nahmias, 2010). Leading change also reflects on the Leadership style, the flexibility in structure and the open organisation culture. We faced a lot of questions initially during the change and the organisation was encouraging to understand the concerns. Conclusion: Having completed the task and gaining a good and wide understanding regarding the very concept relating to change management and the leadership styles with its implications has been really worth and expect this study to help me in future to implement these areas of change in the various processes of the organisation that myself may work. This case study provides a valuable experience of the various tasks learnt by incorporating real life experiences. References Todnem By, R. (2005). Organisational change management: A critical review. Journal of Change Management, 5(4), 369-380. oran, J. W., Brightman, B. K. (2000). Leading organizational change. Journal of Workplace Learning, 12(2), 66-74. Burnes, B. (2004). Managing change: A strategic approach to organisational dynamics. Pearson Education. Chicago Dessler, G. (2001). Management: Leading People and Organizations in the 2131 Century. Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading educational change: Reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of education, 33(3), 329-352. Beer, M. (2000). Breaking the code of change. Harvard Business Press. Elving, W. J. (2005). The role of communication in organisational change. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 10(2), 129-138. Peus, C., Frey, D., Gerkhardt, M., Fischer, P., Traut-Mattausch, E. (2009). Leading and managing organizational change initiatives. management revue, 158-175. Crawford, L., Nahmias, A. H. (2010). Competencies for managing change. International journal of project management, 28(4), 405-412.

The Slave Community free essay sample

The Slave Community Slavery has existed among humanity since the beginning of time. It has shaped many nations throughout the vast lands of the earth. Arabs enslaved Europeans and later Europeans would enslave Africans. Europeans enslaved Africans and brought them to the Americas to work for them under brutal conditions on the plantation of the New World. This is where our story begins.Throughout this essay, I will discuss how and why African-Americans survived he institution of slavery as well as the impact that they had on the white Southerners, through my reading Of John W. Blearinesss book, The Slave Community. Cultural identity, Religion, guilt, the ability to adapt, and other things enabled to African Americans to survive the brutal institution of slavery as well as enabling them to have a profound impact on the white slave owning population in the South. African-Americans were able to adapt very well to their new conditions that they found themselves placed in, in the New World. In most cases, they adopted the culture, belief in God and language of the people who now controlled their fate, Africans enslaved in the Americas had to make the kind of adjustments the white slaves for life did in Africa: learning their captors language, adopting much of their culture, and accepting their God. Africans assimilated quickly into American society and way of life because of how influential the church was in the South. The church, although controlled by the white planters, were the biggest agent in support of slave rights, freedom, and humanity.Slaves were attracted to Christianity because it had similar life to that of their original beliefs and values. Africans were easily able to identify with Christianity from the get go, there were enough congruencies to allow the Africans to recognize and accept some Christian tenets and practices from the outset. Although, Africans were beginning to accept the ideas of Christianity, Christianity was still trying to figure out if slavery was a necessary commodity or a horrid evil.Until the late eighteenth-century, most religions in the South never questioned the morality of slavery but now people were asking those questions and here we see the beginnings of the abolitionist movement. During the early nineteenth-century many people were now arguing in favor of the slaves, even slaveholders themselves realized the sin they were committing. Kentucky slaveholder and irrepressible abolitionist Cassias M. Clay wrote to the New York Tribune in 1843 that slavery was the greatest evil that ever cursed a nation..It is clear that a lot Of the slave owners in the South knew what they were doing was wrong but never did anything about it because the gains were too lucrative. The fear of an abolitionist rebellion led he plantation owners to launch a massive propaganda campaign to convince the whites at home and abroad that slavery was a positive good. For now, they had quelled the abolitionist movement but they abolitionists had ingrained the belief that slavery was a sinful act and this idea was never forgotten. This guilt enabled the African-Americans to survive in their brutal world and began laying the foundations for freedom of slaves in the New World. The plantation was a place of work for the slaves but also the source of their greatest escape from the terrible day-to-day lives that they lived. In the lamination, the slaves were able to form groups, which allowed them to have a social life away from their masters. African cultural identity was greatly expressed when these groups would meet.The slaves grasp of their original culture separated him from that of his masters, The more his cultural forms differed from those of his master and the more they were immune from the control of whites, the more the slaves gained in personal autonomy and positive self-concepts. Typically, the slave owner did not care about the extra-curricular activities of his slaves as long as it did not affect the lamination. Slaves were able to perform recreational activities in these times away from the planta tion. Recreational activities brought all the slaves closer on an emotional level, Slaves spent their Sundays fishing, hunting, wrestling, running races. But it was the slave music that gave the slaves their greatest escape from the deprived lives that they lived. Their songs sang of their homeland, their slaves owners, their families, and their hope for the future. These meetings and displays cultural identity helped slaves survive the cruel restraints of slavery. The impact slaves had on the white slave owners is still visible in the modern society that we have in the South today.African culture crossed the Atlantic with the slaves that came from Africa and very quickly, the Southern States became Africanized. Slaves dealt so closely with the plantation owners family and affected them massively. Southern whites not only adapted their language and religion to that of the slaves but also adapted agricultural practices, sexual attitudes, rhythm of life, architecture, food and social relations to African patterns. Africans knew that they had to work at a slow pace to be most efficient because they were used to working in the tropical heats of Africa and the led to the slow and laid-back way of life in the South.African music contributed to the soul and blues music that we have here in the South and especially in Memphis. African ways of cooking soon spread across the tables of all plantation owners because they preferred the herbs and spices used in African style of cooking, to that of the bland British style of cooking, they also used them to prepare savory stews and rice dishes for heir owners quite unlike the lightly seasoned English dishes they had known. The greatest of all the aspects of African life, given to the South, was the African way of speaking.The Southern drawl came about because of the assimilation of African way of speaking into the American way of speaking. It is to this day, the clearest evidence of Fractionation we have in the United States. In conclusion, African-Americans have survived the institution of slavery because of a number of factors including the church, their strong ability to adapt, their abilities to hold onto their cultural past, and their willingness to fight through adversity.The United States we know today was built on the backs of the slaves. They were shipped there during the slave trade and it is a testament to the character of these people, who came thousands of miles from their homes to be a slave in a foreign country. They made it out the other end and it doing so left an ever-lasting impact on the lives of whites in the South, in terms of way of living and the cultural changes that they made.

Charisma Essays - Social Psychology, Max Weber, Spiritual Gifts

Charisma CHARISMA Charisma is often used to refer to individuals who have the ?gift of grace.? A unique quality, charisma sets certain individuals above ordinary mortal so they are recognized as having exceptional powers. Found in everyday people and leaders of varied groups, charisma may lead to both good and evil. A successful charismatic leader doesn't necessarily have to be renowned by the whole world. An example of a leader that has a positive impact on our lives is a teacher. His or her charisma and enthusiasm helps students create their own visions for the future. Teachers educate, inspire and guide us to be responsible individuals. They open our minds to the unlimited options and opportunities to achieve our goals. Teachers hold all the ideals of being a charismatic leader. A charismatic person is able to interact with other people and bring forth his or her ideas and visions. He or she is capable of gaining ultimate respect and the favor of the majority with the quality of charisma. In the book ? Lord of the Flies,? a group of boys are stranded on an uninhabited island with no adult supervision. Ralph, one of the young boys, has natural qualities of leadership and therefore is elected as leader of the group. His charisma allows him to obtain this high position. Although this story is fiction, a great part of a successful leader's national success is his charisma. He wins the favor and loyalty of his people by creating an atmosphere where he displays confidence in himself and his followers. Charismatic leaders' movements are enthusiastic. They see well beyond their organization's current situation and develop an inspirational vision for the future that is different from the present and they are determined to carry out the vision. This type of leadership attracts people because they are deeply influenced by their leader's characteristics, abilities and visions. They pursue the leader's visions and build emotional attachment to him. They give him their loyalty and total support. Adolf Hitler and Franklin D. Roosevelt can both be classified as leaders with strong charisma even though they had different political aims. Nevertheless, they were both supported and praised by their followers. Plato said that a leader must have charisma to be successful in all his actions. Without it a leader cannot fulfill his job and be head of any type of organization. Charisma holds essential value to become a leader. Continuous training or force cannot obtain charisma, the ?gift of grace.? It is something mystical. It is of divine origin. Philosophy Essays

To Kill A Mockingbird Essays (347 words) - To Kill A Mockingbird

To Kill A Mockingbird Essays (347 words) - To Kill A Mockingbird To Kill A Mockingbird njustice is a problem which everyone faces. Nobody likes to suffer from injustice, yet they do it to others. In the novel, " To Kill A Mockingbird " written by Harper Lee, there are three characters who suffer the most injustice. They are Atticus, Tom Robinson and Boo Radley. Atticus, a man with great wisdom, suffers from the fact that he had taken on a Negro case. He was constantly persecuted for his decision, which made him work even harder at winning the case. Even though his family was made fun of, he stuck with his choice and worked the hardest he could to ignore the threats and harassment. He did very well to ignore all the abuse and was greatly respected after the trial was over. Another person who suffered from injustice was Tom Robinson. He was charged with a crime he did not commit. His side of the story was not believed because he was black, which really shows the amount of injustice during the time the novel was set in. Through the whole trial, he did not retaliate at the white people, he did not get mad because he was improperly accused, he just showed the level of respect which everyone deserves. He handled the injustice with a manner reserved only for gentlemen, which is a good description of what he really was. The third person to suffer injustice in the novel was Boo Radley. Many accusations were claimed about him even though they were untrue. Just because he didn't leave his house, people began to think something was wrong. Boo was a man who was misunderstood and shouldn't of suffered any injustice. Boo did not handle the injustice because he didn't know about it. In conclusion, the person who deserves the deepest sympathy is Tom Robinson. He did nothing wrong but his crime was being nice to white people. This type of injustice is the worst because everyone puts up with it. Therefore, Atticus, Tom Robinson and Boo Radley suffered the most injustice in the novel.

Texas and The Death Penalty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Texas and The Death Penalty - Research Paper Example Being represented by the right lawyer determines the chances of providing adequate evidence to ascertain one's innocence or guiltiness. Opponents of death penalties argue that some people may end up being killed while they are innocent if the trial is not fair or if the accused person’s counsel lacks expertise. This has raised the issue of the appropriateness of death execution for punishing offenders since the trial process may result in conviction and murder of innocent individuals (â€Å"American Civil Liberties Union† Web). Another issue surrounding the death penalty is diversity inconsistencies such as racial and gender. There have been arguments that the number of African Americans sentenced to death and executed is higher as compared to other races. Additionally, there are perceptions that cases where the victim is black rarely lead to death row while those involving white victims often lead to death rows. Such statistics have led to questions regarding the evenhandedness of the justice system when dealing with capital offenses. On the issue of diversity, there is a problem regarding the role of gender in determining the penalty. In most cases, capital offenses involving men are likely to lead to the death penalty as compared to those involving women. At times, this has created the notion that the justice system favors women suspects (â€Å"American Civil Liberties Union† Web). Another issue surrounding the death penalty in Texas is whether the punishment serves its purpose. Legal punishment is designed to correct the perpetrator of the crime and or deter others from committing such crimes.  

Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Violence - Essay Example The humans tend to fall in line with overall societal and normative outlook of the society so that they should not appear aliens to the local setup. The individual behaviors remain dependent on others from the beginning. The children are known to be dependent on their parents for fulfillment of their needs and wants. The interdependencies of a society often tend individuals to mold their personal behaviors according to the cultural norms of the community (Butler pp. 17). The community is primarily responsible for providing for the fundamental necessities of life. The societies are famous for exhibiting ruthless and inhumane behaviors towards those who do not conform to the acceptable cultural practices and therefore, they are often denied basic human rights. The human life is always under the profound influence and spell of the society and because of this reason, nobody does not have the full capacity and power to act alone. The sexual life of an individual is considered a very priva te matter of the person but they are informally regulated by the masses. The social constructivism theory states that individuals always observe the collective behavior of the society and attempt to embrace its norms and values. ... The human civilization is made up of communal relations and therefore, the individuals have to demonstrate conformation with societal norms in order to appear legitimate members of the certain community. However, the philosophical minorities initially gather their supporters to form institutions and once these centers are formalized then the followers of the neglected philosophy have the option to practice their beliefs in a controlled environment. The gay and lesbian communities formed centers where people can follow their sexual orientation in an isolated environment. The attempts are being made in order to promote gay and lesbian relations. But, the struggles are not proving to be fruitful in terms of attaining the goals in a short term perspective. The changes will take significantly long period of time in order to become an accepted practice in the culture of developed nations. The cultural norms are considered as the most notable obstacle and hindrance in the way of profound cu ltural acceptability of gay and lesbian relationships. The contemporary marital bonds evolved as people got more and more dissatisfied with conventional marriages. The intra-sex relations were falling apart and both the genders argued that their partners did not understand and respond to their deep seated needs and wants. The intersex relations then became popular because members of the same gender knew the art of pleasing their partners. The growing demand of sex toys is an evident proof that homosexuality is growing in all parts of the world. Nevertheless, it is very much imperative to note that lesbians and gays are famous for acting normal in the public so that they should not end up alienated in the society (Butler pp.20). They are however, famous for seeking their ideal

HOW DOES INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING IMPACT ON PROFESSIONAL Essay

HOW DOES INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING IMPACT ON PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE CLINICAL SETTING - Essay Example The patient will be referred to as Mr. X to maintain confidentiality as stated in the nursing and midwifery code of professional conduct (2007). The author’s interest in Mr. X is based on his clinical experience and reflection of his involvement in the delivery of his care. The positive and negative aspects of inter-professional team will be discussed. Also, the author will use appropriate literature to examine how responsibility and accountability can be enhanced through inter-professional working. According to Alan (2007), Inter-professional working is defined as a practice where a number of professionals with different qualifications come together to meet a particular target. Some of their characteristics include direct service delivery, good professional relationship, collaboration and communal trust. Further, Matrix and Weeds (2007) describe Inter-professional working as a group of professionals with complementary skills, who are committed to a common purpose and hold themselves mutually accountable for its achievement. Inter-professional working includes collaborative practice, multi-professional working and team working. This is supported by Mickan and Rodger, (2000a) who describe teamwork as shared and agreed responsibilities, decision making and problem solving. The members of an inter-professional team communicate effectively in order to provide quality patient care. According to Braine (2006), clinical governance should be viewed as an opportunity to improve care delivery in the aftermath of some highly publicised failures in the NHS in the 1990s. The most notable of these was the Bristol Royal Infirmary Inquiry (2001) which accounts for 23 deaths of cardiac surgical paediatric patients. Other notable cases were the Royal Liverpool Children’s Inquiry (Alder Hey Inquiry), the case of the GP Harold Shipman (Smith 2005), and the trial of the nurse Beverly Allitt in 1993

Importance of Human Resource Development

Importance of Human Resource Development Importance of HRD Companies derive competitive advantage from training and development. Training and development programmes, as was pointed out earlier, help remove performance deficiencies in employee. This is particularly true when (1) the deficiency is caused by a lack of ability rather than a lack of motivation to perform, (2) the individual(s) involved have the aptitude and motivation need to learn to do the job better, and (3) supervisors and peers are supportive of the desired behaviors There is greater stability, flexibility, and capacity for growth in an organization. Training contributes to employee stability in at least two ways. Employees become efficient after undergoing training. Efficient employees contribute to the growth of the organization. Growth renders stability to the workforce. Further, trained employees tend to stay with the organization. They seldom leave the company. Training makes the employees versatile in operations. All rounders can be transferred to any job. Flexibility is therefore ensured. Growth indicates prosperity, which is reflected in increased profits from year to year. Who else but well-trained employees can contribute to the prosperity of an enterprise? Accidents, scrap and damage to machinery and equipment can be avoided or minimized through training. Even dissatisfaction, complaints, absenteeism, and turnover can be reduced if employees are trained well. Future needs of employees will be met through training and development programmes. Organizations take fresh diploma holders or graduates as apprentices or management trainees. They are absorbed after course completion. Training serves as an effective source of recruitment. Training is an investment in HR with a promise of better returns in future. A companys training and development pays dividends to the employee and the organization. Though no single training programme yields all the benefits, the organization which devotes itself to training and development enhances its HR capabilities and strengthens its competitive edge. At the same time, the employees personal and career goals are furthered, generally adding to his or her abilities and value to the employer. Ultimately, the objectives of the HR department are also furthered. Reasons for managers having poor views of training There are many impediments which can make a training programme ineffective. Following are the major hindrances: Management Commitment is Lacking and Uneven Most companies do not spend money on training. Those that do, tend to concentrate on managers, technicians and professionals. The rank-and-file workers are ignored. This must change, for, as a result of rapid technological change, combined with new approaches to organizational design and production management, workers are required to learn three types of new skills: (i) the ability to use technology, (ii) the ability to maintain it, and (ill) the ability to diagnose system problems. In an increasingly competitive environment, the ability to implement rapid changes in products and technologies is often essential for economic viability Aggregate Spending on Training is Inadequate Companies spend minuscule proportions of their revenues on training. Worse still, budget allocation to training is the first item to be cut when a company faces a financial crunch. Educational Institutions Award Degrees but Graduates Lack Skills This is the reason why business must spend vast sums of money to train workers in basic skills. Organizations also need to train employees in multiple skills. Managers, particularly at the middle level, need to be retrained in team-playing skills, entrepreneurship skills, leadership skills and customer-orientation skills. Large-scale Poaching of Trained Workers Trained workforce is in great demand. Unlike Germany, where local business groups pressure companies not to poach on another companys employees, there is no such system in our country. Companies in our country, however, insist on employees to sign bonds of tenure before sending them for training, particularly before deputing them to undergo training in foreign countries. Such bonds are not effective as the employees or the poachers are prepared to pay the stipulated amounts as compensation when the bonds are breached. No Help to Workers Displaced because of Downsizing Organizations are downsizing and de-layering in order to trim their workforces. The government should set apart certain fund from the National Renewal Fund for the purpose of retraining and rehabilitating displaced workers. Recommendations The last stage in the training and development process is the evaluation of results. Since huge sums of money are spent on training and development, how far the programme has been useful must be judged/determined. Evaluation helps determine the results of the training and development programme. In practice, however, organizations either overlook or lack facilities for evaluation. Need for Evaluation: The main objective of evaluating the training programmes is to determine if they are accomplishing specific training objectives that are, correcting performance deficiencies. A second reason for evaluation is to ensure that any changes in trainee capabilities are due to the training programme and not due to any other conditions. Training programmes should be evaluated to determine their cost effectiveness. Evaluation is useful to explain programme failure, should finally, credibility of training and development is greatly enhanced when it is proved that the organization has benefited tangibly from it. Principles of Evaluation: Evaluation of the training programme must be based on the principles: Evaluation specialist must be clear about the goals and purposes of evaluation. Evaluation must be continuous. Evaluation must be specific. Evaluation must provide the means and focus for trainers to be able to appraise themselves, their practices, and their products. Evaluation must be based on objective methods and standards. Realistic target dates must be set for each phase of the evaluation process. A sense of urgency must be developed, but deadlines that are unreasonably high will result in poor evaluation Criteria for Evaluation: The last column in Fig. 9.1 contains a number of potential goals Training validity: Did the trainees learn during training? Transfer validity: What has been learnt in training, has it been transferred on the job enhanced performance in the work organization? Intra-organizational validity: Is performance of the new group of trainees, for which the training programme was developed, consistent with the performance of the original training group? Inter-organizational validity: Can a training programme validated in one organization be used successfully in another organization? These questions often result in different evaluation techniques. Techniques of Evaluation: Several techniques of evaluation are being used in organization may be stated that the usefulness of the methods is inversely proportional to the ease with which evaluation can be done. One approach towards evaluation is to use experimental and control groups. Each group is randomly selected, one to receive training (experimental) and the other not to receive training (control). The random selection helps to assure the formation of groups quite similar to each other. Measures are taken of the relevant indicators of success (e.g. words typed per minute, quality pieces produced per hour, wires attached per minute) before and after training for both groups. If the gains demonstrated by the experimental groups are better than those by the control group, the training programme is labeled as successful. Another method of training evaluation involves longitudinal or time-series analysis. Measures are taken before the programme begins and are continued during and after the programme is completed. These results are plotted on a graph to determine whether changes have occurred and remain as a result of the training effort. To further validate that change has occurred as a result of training and not due to some other variable, a control group may be included. One simple method of evaluation is to send a questionnaire to the trainees after the completion the programme to obtain their opinions about the programmes worth. Their opinions could through interviews. A variation of this method is to measure the knowledge and/or skills that employee possess at the commencement and completion of a training. If the measurement reveals that the results after training are satisfactory, then the training may be taken as successful.

Organizational Theory Applied to the Retail Industry Essay -- Essays P

Organizational Theory Applied to the Retail Industry PART I Introduction Antonio’s, as it will be referred to for confidentiality purposes from here on in, is a retail shoe store that operates in Fredericton, N.B.. It is part of an open system. This company originated in Montreal, Quebec. The head office is now located there and retail outlets are located throughout Canada, the United States and parts of Europe. The market in which this company operates may be considered a division of the fashion industry. This industry is known for being highly competitive and dynamic. Also for obvious reasons many companies within it concern themselves with company image. This particular shoe company has been in existence since the early 1990’s. Antonio’s has grown significantly and is currently a leader in the shoe industry, even on an internationally level. It produces quality shoes at a reasonable price. From its beginnings until now Antonio’s has been operating in the formation stage. This company has met with great success, though, and has grown quickly. It now faces the task of moving into the growth stage. Antonio’s must be careful in managing every aspect of its company now in order to survive. Since the industry in which Antonio’s operates is very image oriented a key issue in moving from the formation to growth stage that must be discussed is company culture. In this situation â€Å"managed† (as it is referred to in its most popular definition) means changed. In order to manage the company culture through the move from stage to stage in the life cycle of this organization the culture within the current stage, the formation stage, must be discussed. The culture, in my opinion, must be managed as it currently has a negative impact on the organizational effectiveness. The organizational effectiveness as a result of culture must analyzed in order to determine if in fact it does have a negative impact on the company, if so, it must be managed for the sake of the company’s survival in the growth stage. PART II Analysis of current company culture The current culture existing in Antonio’s organization is effective according to most of the strict definition meanings. It is not particularly strong, this is because most organizations which are young or have constant turnover (Antonio’s finds both of these things to be t... ...ething so shallow as their appearance. Thus in the long run they are indirectly and unintentionally promoting organization decline by doing this. PART III Conclusion In my opinion the main problem that exists within this organization is the fact that Antonio’s fits into a certain aspect of the Competing Values approach mentioned above to a greater extent than need be. They take organization culture too far despite the fact that it is very well fitted to its industry. My experiences there as an employee were not all negative yet many I did have made me feel very unappreciated and worthless within the organization. A stress on this particular type of culture results in high turn over. This will ultimately lessen the chances of survival for the organization as it moves through the stages of the life cycle. If this culture persists, Antonio’s will be run by disloyal employees who purposely defy it costing them time and money in the long run. It will have a damaging effect on their so preciously held reputation and this will not fair well for them considering the competitive nature of the fashion industry. Bibliography: Robbins. Organizational Theory

Library System Essay

AMA student Kariz Reinalyn B. Galano (et.al. Don Ricardo C. Lazaro, Rozmaigne Ann L. Sebastian, Kevin Patrick E. Viesca) (2012) cited in their approved thesis proposal at present ACLC has three hundred sixty five students enrolled. The institution is currently using a manual system in their Library and has weak security. Students can borrow books but need to return it within 5 school days. There is no proper monitoring on books being returned. There are no penalties imposed to the students as well. The only way the librarian will find out if there are still pending books not returned is during the end of semester at the inventory period. The librarian then will not sign the clearance of the students who failed to return the books. Another problem is the list of inventory of books. The students need to go and ask for the librarian’s assistance in order for them to search for the books. Karen Foss (2010), Library Director of the Catawba County Library System in Newton, North Carolina has expressed that it is difficult to find materials to help new public library managers cultivate their professional development. Most of the research and writings on library management have focused on academic libraries and only recently has there been more interest in the administration of public libraries. The skill and style of public library managers – the directors, branch managers, and department and service managers who are leading these institutions – strongly affects the culture of a public library. Library staff looks to these managers to help them navigate through the rapid changes that are occurring in public libraries as these changes in technology, roles, and user expectations strongly alter their daily routines of public service. Contemporary library managers need a wider array of skills and attributes than their earlier and more traditional counterparts and will need to seek continual professional development to remain effective as public libraries transition into the twenty-first century. These managers will also need to distinguish between management and leadership skills and learn to identify and mentor leaders within their staff who can assist in the transition. According to Alvin javelosa (2011) library is a collection of books, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. The term â€Å"library† has itself acquired a secondary meaning: â€Å"a collection of useful material for common use,† and in this sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics and biology. this study will help the library personnel or the librarian in monitoring the books accurately. Further, the use of cataloguing will be made easier through an advance system provided by this study. The librarian is encountering problems in doing transactions like borrowing books, checking the availability of books, returning and accessioning of books because all the transactions are being done manually. The process is time consuming. This proposed system will provide their library a computerized system making it more organized and easy to access. The advantage of this study is to make their current system more effective and efficient. This computerized library system is a transaction processing system (TPS) that will provide a convenient cataloguing, inventory, monitoring, accessioning, borrowing, returning, security and retrieving of records. According to Mohd Fairuz Anwar Bin Mahadi (2005), The Library management system will store all the books and members information that consist book number, book title, author name and racks to the system database. The system also provides search function to help students find the book by number of book. Search functions will search through the books database to look for the book and view where the book is situated. For the administrator user, only librarians have access to view or edit data from the system databases. Administrator user will handle administrative functions such create new LMS user account and decide the number of days allowed for the borrowed books. User needs to enter correct password and user id before user can access this function. From here, user can add, delete or update the book and borrower database. (http://library.utem.edu.my/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=3761&Itemid=208) According to Donna M. Salinas (2010) Library is the best place in the school where the students review and study. It is the place where students study so our group aims to improve the manual operation of the library system. We thought of something that makes the time of students and library personnel decreases for searching and borrowing of books. (http://www.scribd.com/doc/56632694/library-system) Related Studies: According to Shelagh (2001) Fisher library management system is becoming marginalized in the context of ICT developments currently taking place within the library sector because suppliers have failed to keep up with such developments, or have been more concerned with keeping up with the changes in the core functions. The aim of this research, therefore, was to determine the feasibility of developing and disseminating a model system specification which could be used to assist and guide libraries in the procurement of library management systems. The premise was that if a core set of requirements for library management systems, as articulated by purchasing libraries, could be identified, it followed that it would be feasible to develop a model specification or ‘toolkit’ on which procuring libraries could draw. Identification of a potential core set of requirements could be identified primarily by undertaking analyses of specifications produced by libraries for the tendering process in acquiring a library management system. Thus forty-one specifications were collected from libraries which had recently acquired a library management system, and these were subjected to various levels of analysis. The results are reported in Section 4. Secondly, it was decided that as library system suppliers were in receipt of large numbers of specifications produced by procuring library authorities they were in a strong position to comment on the feasibility, and desirability, of developing a model specification. Thus, a survey of UK system suppliers was undertaken to determine the collective view of suppliers on the role, content, quality and usefulness of the specification as a procurement tool. The results of the survey are reported in Section 5. A detailed account of the methods used in this Study is provided in Section 3. The next section (Section 2) provides a review of the literature on the role and content of specifications, and identifies weaknesses in approaches to producing specifications for the purchase of library systems. (et.al. Rachel Delbridge, Sià ¢n Lambert) (http://www.cerlim.ac.uk/projects/harmonise/harmonise.pdf) According to Veronica Adamson (2008) Changes in society and technology are impacting significantly on UK HE libraries and consequently on their management systems. Demographic changes, political and economic drivers are affecting university services and funding structures, and a ‘new realism’ of pragmatic economic and business considerations presides. (JISC & SCONUL LMS Study Report, March 2008) Library management systems have developed in response to technical advances and user requirements, mainly in developing electronic interfaces, refining standards and access protocols, purchasing and acquisition processes and cataloguing systems. Increasing globalization of goods, services and communities means that technical platforms are now developed on an international basis and implemented for a worldwide network of users and contributors. A new market for library services and information provision has emerged, with Google and Amazon as a de facto paradigm and metaphor for di scovery and delivery. Perceptions of the role and function of the university library are changing, developing and often conflicting, particularly in relation to the provision for collection and circulation, resource discovery, ownership and control, personalization and seamless access to resources. Enhancing usability and accessibility for an increasingly diverse user community is of increasing importance for libraries. Today’s library users expect speed and immediacy of information discovery, one-stop access to aggregated services, user-generated open content, and personalized, workflow-related delivery to the desktop. (et.al. Paul Bacsich, Ken Chad, David Kay, Jane Plenderleith) (http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/programmes/resourcediscovery/lmsstudy.pdf) According to Herrera C Rocio (1987) the work habits of users in any activity requiring information, the importance they attach to obtaining it and the facilities at their disposal, their knowledge of these facilities, their assessment of their value and the possibility of their obtaining what they are looking for are the factors that affect user behaviour in the quest for information. The behaviour of the users of university libraries specifically is affected, in addition to the above factors, by others directly related to the university environment, such as teaching methods and the type of education provided. The country’s education system is a teaching-learning process largly consisting in an essentially repetitive pattern in which the student consumes and reproduces the concepts transmitted by the teacher. This model is mainly based on the university lecture system, in which the teacher simply gives a course of study and provides the pupil with a brief bibliography consisti ng basically of texts. The result has been that education has not become a critical and creative process and library resources have accordingly been under-utilized. As regards the response to the information services provided by university libraries, it can be said that research workers do not use the services properly since the role of the library as an agent for the transfer of information has been disregarded in the research process, this type of user tending to acquire information through informal channels of communication, such as personal contacts with other colleagues. In its turn, the library has neglected its task as a constituent part of the research enterprise, forgetting that one of the priorities of the university, in addition to its teaching role, is that of research, which is the source of much knowledge of benefit not only to the university but also to the community in general. The university library should pay special attention to ascertaining not only the specific information needs of each type of user but also user behaviour patterns in the information retrieval process, in order that these needs may be met and the factors responsible for the non-use of the library restricted to a minimum. This will be achieved through an appropriate methodology for conducting user studies, which will then provide guidelines for the organization of user training or instruction courses aimed at the various groups. These courses will influence the future response of users to information services. Since user behaviour in the information retrieval process determines the level of library-user interaction, continual monitoring by the librarian of changes in that behaviour is necessary. These changes are dependent not only on information needs but also on the possible impact of the introduction of new services. This shows that, over and above the matter of training in the use of library resources, user behaviour presents a number of special features, largely reflecting the fact that the information needs of those concerned are not well defined and that their request for information are consequently vague and very general. It follows that library staff should bear in mind their active role in promoting and publicizing their services and resources since, despite the continual emphasis placed on the role of information in development, it has been shown that users tend to dispense with non-essential information, the usual practice being to rely on memory, to evade the problem or to solve it with vague or incomplete information. However, it should not be overlooked that there is another group of users who consult libraries actively and effectively in order to satisfy their information needs; although accessibility influences the use that they make of resources, the most important thing for this group is their confidence and faith in the information system. (c Loreto M. Libia and Rua R. Ivan) (http://www.unesco.org/webworld/ramp/html/r8722e/r8722e0l.htm) According Neelakdan,B (2010) a sincere attempt has been made towards finding out ways and means for automating activities in the School of Chemistry Library. The objective of this study is to use the Koha Open Source software system for the automation of the major day ­ to ­day activities of the various section of the School of Chemistry Library, which is tiresome and cumbersome. After the investigation, the researcher has found that Koha Software is more suitable for the library Automation. This project had the basic objective of designing a bibliographic database for the School of Chemistry library, with which the automation of circulation routines is carried out. From this point of view it may be concluded that Koha is a useful package for the creation of a database and for information retrieval. This set of Manuals for the automation of circulation section is tested with the database created from the collection of chemistry department library. A sample database for a few thousand works and a database of the users/borrowers are created. With that test sample the Manuals for each function of the circulation section is tested with the available computer system. Koha is an integrated software system with all the required models for small to very large libraries. It is found that this automation projects will serve as a model for any library. (http://www.ipublishing.co.in/jarvol1no12010/EIJAER1014.pdf) According to Dio P. Doble (2011) A college strengthens its educational level through the advancement of its library. The Botolan Community College Computerized Library System aimed to enhance the procedures of the library, from manually operated to a computerized system. This proposal’s purpose was to ease the transactions in the library, i,e., leading of books, storing of books, search engine for books, manage members of the library and secure the library system. The librarian and the library users still use the manual way of transacting of borrowing and returning of books. The librarian use log books in listing the books. They use library cards and card catalogues in searching for reading and reference materials. (http://www.scribd.com/doc/99431218/Computerized-Library-System)

Church

Differences Between Black and White Christianity/Church Martin Luther King Jr. was once quoted to say, â€Å"Sunday is the most segregated day in America†. When I was thinking about this statement , I was disturbed to discover a truth that is very real. I will not pretend to know a lot about the religions of other cultures. All that I know comes from the text readings that we’ve had is class. My experiences in a formal church setting come only from services I’ve regularly attended at an ELCA Lutheran church and a Presbyterian church. Both congregations are made entirely of white families. In fact, I only saw one black person enter the doors of the Lutheran church (to witness a friend’s baptism) in 10 years of attendance, and never at the Presbyterian church. So when I talk about the white church, I have only those experiences to draw from. I’ve been to one â€Å"black church† in my life. During a Sunday School class in high school we organized a trip to a Baptist church a couple blocks away. When we got there, the pastor of the church greeted us warmly as we had called ahead of time to let him know we were going to be joining them. He lead us to some seats close to the front of the church, giving us a good view of the things we didn’t get to experience in our rigid, elderly, white congregation. Music was played almost constantly, the sermon was lively, and the people were acting happy to be there. By the way, the four members of my class were the only white faces in the crowd. An easy thing to do is to draw a stereotype about a certain culture. Everytime we watch TV or a movie, there is some sort of stereoype occuring.. Currently on the radio, I would hazard to guess that half the songs are in hip-hop style. The lyrics of these few songs often lead to negative stereotypes of blacks. (â€Å"It’s getting hot in here...so take of all your clothes.†- Nelly, a black male.) I also would... Church Free Essays on Differences Betweeand Black and White Christianity/Church Differences Between Black and White Christianity/Church Martin Luther King Jr. was once quoted to say, â€Å"Sunday is the most segregated day in America†. When I was thinking about this statement , I was disturbed to discover a truth that is very real. I will not pretend to know a lot about the religions of other cultures. All that I know comes from the text readings that we’ve had is class. My experiences in a formal church setting come only from services I’ve regularly attended at an ELCA Lutheran church and a Presbyterian church. Both congregations are made entirely of white families. In fact, I only saw one black person enter the doors of the Lutheran church (to witness a friend’s baptism) in 10 years of attendance, and never at the Presbyterian church. So when I talk about the white church, I have only those experiences to draw from. I’ve been to one â€Å"black church† in my life. During a Sunday School class in high school we organized a trip to a Baptist church a couple blocks away. When we got there, the pastor of the church greeted us warmly as we had called ahead of time to let him know we were going to be joining them. He lead us to some seats close to the front of the church, giving us a good view of the things we didn’t get to experience in our rigid, elderly, white congregation. Music was played almost constantly, the sermon was lively, and the people were acting happy to be there. By the way, the four members of my class were the only white faces in the crowd. An easy thing to do is to draw a stereotype about a certain culture. Everytime we watch TV or a movie, there is some sort of stereoype occuring.. Currently on the radio, I would hazard to guess that half the songs are in hip-hop style. The lyrics of these few songs often lead to negative stereotypes of blacks. (â€Å"It’s getting hot in here...so take of all your clothes.†- Nelly, a black male.) I also would...

Conquered Before They Could Conquer essays

Conquered Before They Could Conquer essays First DraftConquered Before They Could Conquer No one would have believed that in the last years of the nineteenth century that this world was being watched keenly and closely by intelligences greater than mans and yet as mortal as his own(3). These are the opening words of H.G. Wells in his classic science fiction novel, The War of the Worlds. In his book, the men from mars carefully watch earth so that they have a better understanding of humans and their means of technology. The Martians attack earth and use their superior technology and intelligence to take it over. The only problem is they have not explored every aspect of the earth and its nature. The Martians invincibility is due to their careful scrutiny of man over time but their demise is due to their lack of attention to the actual planet. The Martians watch the humans closely as if they are being dissected under a microscope. They carefully scrutinize and study man to find out his flaws and weaknesses. For years before the actual invasion, the Martians carefully monitor the planet earth, paying close attention to the technological advancements and other intelligence humans possess. That as men busied themselves about their various concerns they were scrutinized and studied, perhaps almost as narrowly as a man with a microscope might scrutinize the transient creatures that swarm and multiply in a drop of water(3). Humans on earth never have a clue that they are being watched or studied. Even as they luxuriate in a mental inertia of alls well, keener intelligences from Mars covet the earth and lay plans to conquer it(44). All of mankind simply goes about their everyday believing that they are not only the superior beings of the galaxy but also the only beings. Mans ignorance of there being life on Mars and lac k of advanced technology to discover it plays right into the hands of the Marti...

Great Depression and the New Deal Research Paper

Great Depression and the New Deal - Research Paper Example The Great Depression had far reaching impact on the economic and political climate of the US. By 1933, unemployment had soared to 25 percent. Industrial production declined by 50 percent as investments fell by 98 percent. Between 1929 and 1932 the income of the average American family was reduced by 40%, from $2,300 to $1,500. Politically, the federal presence came to play an increasing role in the American life, because of various relief projects launched by the government to bring the tottering masses to their feet. The Depression brought about a major realignment of political forces. Politics came to be dictated by the economic conditions. At the height of Depression, people chose the Democrats over the Republicans that had been the dominating party since the Civil War. A new coalition consisting of big-city ethnics, African Americans, and Southern Democrats committed, to varying degrees, to interventionist government came into being. In the 1930 elections, Democrats took control of the House of Representatives. Republicans lost control of the Senate in 1932. The shadow of the Depression dominated American political life for decades. The dominance of Democratic Party in the House of Representatives, Senate, and the White House continued for the next 50 years. The presidential elections of 1932 were held in the backdrop of the Great Depression. During the election campaign, Democratic candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt castigated the incumbent Herbert Hoover for being unable to contain the downward spiral of the economy.

American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

American Government - Essay Example All these ads were by the candidates running for the election and all three were coming from Iowa and North Hampshire. All candidates with the exception of few are sure to win the nominations and even the elections for the next President of US. It has been unanimously agreed by the intellectuals that negative advertising may not be the good thing as it tend to pollute the environment. It is not only unfair but also creates cynicism about politics and therefore may not be the right thing for the society to experience. However, it may not be always the case; negative advertising can result into better things. Every candidate has the weaknesses and it is always expected that opposition candidates would find those weak points to attack the candidates and engage into sort of any negative campaigning against each other. One criticism of negative ads is that they can be fairy inaccurate but positive ads can be inaccurate too. An unfair ad always meets with the opposition from other candidates and in order to sustain, an inaccurate ad need to sustain the onslaught from the other members. Sometimes, public even respond negatively to the ads and those engaging into negative campaigning can end up at the receiving ends and other candidates can take advantage of the negative ad campaign. Advertising cannot always be decisive in nature and other important things also matter too in the elections. Debate is one of the things which can actually help candidates to actually prevail over each other even in the presence of negative ad campaigns. One of the criticisms by the high minded people about the negative ads is that they can actually erode the confidence of Americans in the institutions which America once held as one of its finest achievements. However, data indicates that last time Americans actually showed some sort of

Health Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Communications - Essay Example A well known case in point involves college students who practice unsafe sex despite their exposure to wealth of material related to HIV transmission and availability of condoms (sheer and Cline, 1995) Health communication should entail efficacy in the content carried forth that recognizes and acknowledges both parties, thus the message should be well-construed and delivered convincingly I'll create a common ground environment where both parties champion the foundation for trust, accuracy and reciprocacity that points out that both the physician and the patient reach a mutually comprehensive conclusion. For any effective Communication there has to be a subsequent feedback. Giving information whether it comes from the physician or the patient or telling someone what to do without feedback hampers with accuracy, efficiency and relationship building. Therefore I will establish an open forum that moots a common ground and confirms and support a high level of interaction. I'll create an intimate relationship with patients by riding on the wheels of affirmative communication to help reduce unnecessary uncertainty that distracts attention interfering with accuracy and efficiency. Accuracy in delivery of information is not achi... Helical Concept. Accuracy in delivery of information is not achieved through a linear modular operandi that supports once and done concept. Rather it's should be repeated over time and time again, moving up the spiral to a little different level of understanding. Returning to the parallel between effective communication and effective communication and effective teaching, Basing on Hecal concept I will develop communication skills that enhance competence by employing reiteration techniques that will deepen skills and performance over a memorable period of time. Physician Patient Communication. I will exercise the Medical philosophy that says, each one of us is an expert in knowing things staring from experienced symptoms, how we can tolerate certain medications and other forms of treatment. I'll therefore make use of available information to assist making complex choices, such as selecting health plans, care providers, and treatments. As a result, this will increases demand for appropriate health services and decrease demand for inappropriate health services.. Unfortunately, many people do formulate their own ideas based on cultural concepts and folklore on personal reasoning and they are referred to as explanatory models (Kleinman, 1988; Klenoman, Elisberg & Good, 1978). Enhancing Public Forums There should exist, a high need of physicians, to develop increased awareness of the ways in which their communication behaviors affect the meanings created and behaviors taken by others. I will enhance health communication through influencing the public agenda, advocating for policies and programs. These will trigger positive changes in the socioeconomic and physical environments, improving the delivery of public health and health care services, and

Swallowing and Prediction of Dysphagia Severity Essay Example for Free

Swallowing and Prediction of Dysphagia Severity Essay Introduction: Daniels, McAdam, Brailey, and Foundas (1997) reviewed literature from Linden, Kuhlemeier, and Patterson (1993) and examined signs of aspiration, but specifically six risk factors, including dysphonia, dysarthria, abnormal gag reflex, abnormal volitional cough, voice change after swallow, and cough after swallow. They then designed their study in an attempt to link the six signs of aspiration to the diagnosis and severity of dysphagia. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the six risk factors approximated the VSS in identification of dysphagia severity (Daniels et al. , 1997). It was hypothesized that the presence of any one factor could predict at least mild dysphagia or normal swallowing on a video fluoroscopic swallow study (VSS) and that two factors could predict moderate dysphagia. Methods (Procedures): Fifty-nine male veterans, ages 41-88, with recent neurological deficits were recruited for the study and had one of the following issues: unilateral left hemispheric damage (22 men), bilateral hemispheric damage (18 men), and bilateral hemispheric damage (13 men), or brainstem lesions (6 men). The men were assessed by a neurologist using CT or MRI scans upon admission to view and localize lesions. They were then rescanned 2 weeks later if the initial scans yielded negative results. Excluded from the study were agitated patients and patients with a history of disorders and diseases other than stroke that would cause dysphagia. Within 5 days of admission, the men were given an oropharyngeal exam of gag reflex, volitional cough, speech, and voice. A video fluoroscopic assessment was also given that consisted of 3,5,10, and 20 ml, and  ½ tsp of barium paste along with half of a cookie to be swallowed. A swallow study was also performed by administering 5 ml of liquid, and then giving 10 and 20 ml volumes, which were administered twice each, unless the patients immediately had a negative reaction such as a cough. After each swallow, the men phonated â€Å"ah† to see if there was a change in vocal quality. Results: The VSS served as the outcome variable in determining dysphagia severity, which ranged from mild dysphagia to normal swallowing (scores 0-1; 1 if two or more of the six risk factors were present and 0 if one or less were present) to moderate to severe dysphagia (scores 2-4). The reliability for the scores was 92%. 74% of the 59 patients had varying dysphagia severity, while 5.1% had severe dysphagia. 13.6% had moderate to severe dysphagia along with aspiration, while 25.4% had moderate dysphagia, and 25.4% had normal swallowing. 47% had dysphonia, 63% had dysarthria, 27% had abnormal volitional cough, 42% had abnormal gag reflex, 41% had a cough after swallow, and 19% had voice change after swallow (Daniels et al., 1997). Discussion/Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that this clinical assessment has utility in the evaluation of acute stroke patients with probable dysphagia who may be at risk for the development of aspiration (Daniels et al., 1997). Also discussed was the fact that this assessment does not account for silent aspiration. In conclusion, early detection of aspiration by using this short assessment can reduce aspiration and pneumonia in patients if addressed early in their hospital stay. Commentary: This article provides helpful information for clinicians practicing in a medical setting. The article includes a flow chart to help determine which patients require further evaluation. Ill and physically challenged patients can avoid the physical distress of unnecessary testing with a proper bedside evaluation, and moderate to severe respiration can be caught early to prevent pneumonia. This study was performed in 1997, and clinicians are still using this method today, proving its reliability in early detection of aspiration.

The Story of Joshua and the Battle of Jericho Essay example -- The Hol

â€Å"When the trumpets sounded, the people shouted†¦(and)†¦ the wall collapsed† (Joshua 6:20). This is the account of Joshua and the people of Israel when they entered the Promised Land known as Canaan. As the Lord commanded they entered the land and conquered all the cities there, beginning with Jericho. The story of Joshua and the Battle of Jericho is a famous one. Everyone who has ever attended Sunday school has heard this famous Biblical account. What is overlooked in Sunday school is the passage after the walls fall down, â€Å"They devoted the city to the LORD and destroyed with the sword every living thing in it – men and women, young and old, cattle, sheep and donkeys† (Joshua 6:21). This is one of the more difficult passages in the Bible. It raises many questions, questions that are not easily answered. In fact, scholars today still debate them. Reading this section of the Bible, found in Joshua chapter 6, you ask yourself: how can we worship a God who permits His own people to slaughter innocents? How did the Israelites justify breaking one of the Ten Commandments (or ‘Words’ as is the more accurate translation)? If God is just, then how can he allow the slaughter of innocents? Is God really a just god? Such are the questions that come up whenever the slaughter at Jericho is brought up. Further seemingly brutal violence is found within God’s own people. If you read on an Israelite named Achan steals some of the bounty from Jericho when God commanded them not too. He was stoned along with his whole family! God seems to be a violent, harsh god in these passages. How can this be if He is supposed to be the God of love, compassion and mercy? Israel, at this point in their history is very young as a nation and a people. Actually, it ... ...e question him? Yes, because Yahweh has a true desire for us to know Him personally and have a personal relationship with Him. How can we do that without asking questions and studying His word? We can’t. In the end it comes down to the fact that He is in contro1, He is always right and He is a just god! Works Cited Davis, John J. Conquest and Crisis: Studies in Joshua, Judges, and Ruth. BMH Books. Vinona Lake, Indiana. 1969. Hamlin, John E. Joshua - Inheriting the Land. Wm. B Eerdman’s Publishing Co. Grand Rapids MI, 1983. Jensen, Irving L. Joshua: Rest-Land Won. Moody Press: Chicago IL, 1966. Paul Heinisch, Theology of Old Testament. Liturgical Press. St. Paul MN, 1955. Pink, Arthur W. Gleanings in Joshua. Moody Press: Chicago IL, 1964. Yahweh. The Holy Bible: New International Version. Broadman &Holman Publishers: Nashville, TN, 1973

Critique Of Research Article Essay

The nursing profession comprises of various dimensions. These dimensions however have not been appreciated by the society by understanding the complexity of the nursing profession. The role of nurses has changed over times and is dynamic. To many, nursing profession is solely for physical health provision. This is not exactly the case as nurses are also involved in provision of other aspects of care such as social and spiritual care. The role of nurses as care givers is unique and needs to be appreciated. Nurses all over the world are connected by the technical skills that they posses. These professional goes beyond the mare health care provision by the technical skills only. (Nieswiadomy, 1998 pp. 97-135) This paper is a critique of the article â€Å"Dimensions of caring: A qualitative analysis of Nurses’ Stories’’ by Sharon Hudacek. In this article Hudacek has written on a research conducted carried out in a qualitative manner to identify the dimensions of nursing profession. The research focused at analyzing the stories that were obtained from nurses around the world where analysis was done using Giorgis methodology which assisted in deducing the multidimensional and complex of the roles of nurses in provision of care. This essay consists of two major parts in criticizing the article. The first part of the paper will criticize the significance of the research to nursing and the clinical practices in general. It will also examine the reason as to why the research was based on qualitative methodological approach. (Streubert & Carpenter, 1999 pp 67-89) In the second part of the essay, the research will be criticized in details through qualitative research critique methods. This critique will look on both the weakness and the strengths of the research based on the following components: ? Definition of the research problem ? Literature review ? The research design ? Data collection strategies ? Data analysis strategies ? Interpretation of the result finding ? Ethical consideration PART ONE Rationale for research area Nurses are entrusted in the provision of health care and are available to assist the sick in their most needy times. This unique responsibility brings about a unique relationship between the nurse and the patient. Hudacek’s article is on research about the stories of nurses in their day to day duties which are of different nature and challenging. The nurse plays the role of a life saver yet nurses also witness their patients pass inevitably. In establishing what the nurses have to say to the public and to other professionals in their work of care giving. Hudacek collected stories from nurses from various parts of the world about the uniqueness of their job through experiences in care provision. These stories are an important base in understanding the role of nurses and appreciating the multidimensional complex essential care provided by the nurses. The work of nurses should be acknowledged and through their stories it is easy to understand the specialty of this profession in the society. (Beanland et al. 1999 pp 57-107) Leaders in nursing stress on nurses telling on their stories to better understand the practice of nursing. It is obligatory and persuasive to share and the human experiences in daily life activities. In nursing telling stories of personal encounter with patients is a reflection on clinical practice and the essence of working at the bedside. The essence of this research is to encourage nurses to tell there stories through written or oral means to the public and to the professionals. This is necessary in generating critical thinking and review which connects and illuminates the complexity and great inherent within the nursing profession. The narrative stories of nurses about their experiences in bedside care with their patients take the nurses back to a deep etched memory at one time in their care giving activity. This is necessary in motivating the nurses in the provision of care that constitutes more than health care provision as the research identified. The stories enhance the relationship between nurses and their patients through touching of each others life. (Polit, & Hungler, 1997 pp 102-156) There are times when the nurse may touch the heart of a patient and make a change to their lives and the patients also may touch the life of a nurse and bring about change which improves the provision of health care and other services in the care giving practice of nurses. According to Crookes and Davies 2005, it is the story of the nurses which unfold the trusting relationships between nurses and their patients. This research is also important in revealing of the unique nature of nursing profession which can create a good public relation. The care giving practice of nurses is special and innovative which integrates analysis, interpretation and the technical skills possessed by nurses. The research identified seven dimensions care giving in the nursing practice which helps us to appreciate the critical contribution of nurses in the society. These dimensions are as follows. ? Compassion ? Caring ? Community outreach ? Providing comfort ? Crisis intervention ? Spirituality and ? Caring the extra distance. This research assisted nurses to break the silence after many years of service which is more personal and meaningful. It has brought into light the true aspect of nursing through the written narratives they provided for this research to be able to come out with conclusive results of the various dimensions of care giving in the nursing practice. (Parahoo, 1997 pp 56-114) The research is also helpful for further research in the care giving practice of nurses. The finding of this research are useful and can open further research studies in the field of nursing by assimilating theories and the results of this research in conducting useful research that brings the true meaning of care giving within the nursing profession as well as improving the relationship between nurses and patients in all aspects of care giving established in this very research by Hudacek. Methodological approach Research is essential in every aspect of life. In nursing various researches have been carried out in improving and demystifying the care provision in the nursing profession. Various research methods are applied depending on the type of research and the aim of the research. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods have been widely used in research in nursing. These two methods of research can contribute to useful knowledge in nursing. In research it has become useful to use multidimensional research that includes both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Therefore the polarization of this two research methods is no longer in existence and one cannot entirely work on its own. In the research article by Hudacek, qualitative research was used and analysis performed through Giorgi’s methodology for existential methodology which is a qualitative research design. This research method is focused on the experiences of people in their day to day activities. (Giorgi, 1985 pp 111-142) This research allows individuals to describe their experiences. In the research by Hudacek, questionnaires were sent through mail to different individuals in different countries serving in the nursing profession. The question was not open ended question as it directed the nurse on the type of response one was required to provide. The stories collected all were expected to tell of an experience in care giving that touched the life of the nurse or that of the patient. This is one of the weaknesses of this research methodology which uses closed ended questionnaires as it limits the nurses on telling stories about the challenges they face in providing care to their patients which also may touch their lives or change the life of the patient. However qualitative research is appropriate in the study of human behavior through experiences. It involves interactive process instead of linear. This is essential in asking a general question which refines the intended meaning of results of the research as the research continues. The qualitative research tries to understand the whole phenomenon in the context of the research field. This is done through inductive reasoning with no preconceived ideas about the study outcomes as it involves the investigation of individual experiences of the nurses in a naturalistic setting that put meaning to the theory and practice of nursing and for further research work. (Streubert & Carpenter, 1999 pp 80-165) The qualitative phenomenological research is common and is interested in descriptive data rather than numerical data. The phenomenological qualitative research is flexible and people centered which enhances the respondents in the research to be true to their story, that is, it increases the credibility of the data obtained through questionnaires. Considering that the nurses are emailed from a foreign country and are given a guideline question is important in producing reliable research result. Qualitative research is holistic and has continuous analysis of data to invent successive strategies. The quantitative research however has strengths over qualitative research as it applies deductive reasoning. It offers numerical data that allows the researcher to reject or accept the data in relation to the formulated hypothesis. In the research article by Hudacek, there was no null hypothesis to guide the information collected during the research. The questionnaires sent to Australia, Argentina, United States, Slovakia, Cuba, Tekrik, Tokyo and other parts of the world including Africa may have been taken in a different way. Considering that the different nurses come from different societies and have differing personal attributes could have brought about controversy in answering the question. This might be the reason unto why out of all the sent mails to the respondents; only two hundred were mailed back. (Burns and Grove, 2007 pp 90-198) Qualitative research fails to give an analysis of the real data. It does not break down data into meaningful conclusion. Out of the two hundred responses or stories that were received, they are not specified where they came from. There is a possibility of the responses coming from one region or state which can not be reliable for drawing out a general conclusion. Quantitative research and analysis of data could have been applied in this research article to address such shortcomings that the article failed to consider. In quantitative research data is numerical and therefore statistical data analysis methods are deployed to come out with a information emphasizing objectivity. In the research article by Hudacek, qualitative research has been singly used in establishing the role of nurses in health care provision in the named countries. The response obtained within twelve months time span from two hundred nurses was used to determine the heights of care giving practice of nurses. The Giorgi’s phenomenological research analysis was applied to give meaningful evaluation of the two hundred stories received. This qualitative method of data analysis used four major steps that helped in giving meaning to these stories in connection to the research topic. (Giorgi, 1985 pp 34-102) These steps assisted in the study of data obtained and were applied as follows; ? The general reading of the narrative stories for general sense of the whole work. ? The re-reading of the narratives to filter the meaningful section ton be used in the drawing conclusive meaning to research. ? The reflection and focusing of each story to the phenomenon under investigation. ? The final synthesizing of meaning units into reliable structure of learning. Generally the qualitative research used in this research were appropriate to the investigation of the phenomenon of care giving by nurses and helped in deducing seven dimensions of care giving by nurses who share a common technical skill despite the boundaries, race, religion, gender age and most important the level of development of the countries they live or give services in. PART TWO Problem definition Research in the field of nursing is endless and is important in filling in gaps in knowledge that is needed for care giving in nursing practice. The purpose of a research is a clear and concise statement of a specific goal, aim or objective of the research study generated from the research problem. There are three major characteristics which a good problem should hold; ? The problem statement should clearly identify the variables under consideration. ? Should specify the group of population to be studied ? Should involve the possibility of empirical testing. The article by Hudacek the statement of the problem in the research is clearly stated in the very first paragraph of the article in the abstract. It has also been expounded into more than just a problem by describing the methodology of research that would be applied in the research. The problem states, â€Å"The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenological study is to describe dimensions of caring as they relate to and clarify the practice of professional nursing† This definition of the research problem is descriptive of the nature of research that one expects and the purpose of carrying the research is vivid to the reader. In fact the articles abstract is a summary of every aspect of the research which puts the reader toes. The reader also gets to know the extent at which the research goes into investigation of the problem. (DePoy, & Gitlin, 1994 pp. 58-94) The statement of this problem is clear and eliminates the possibility of ambiguity to the reader. The statement gives the summary of the article. The article puts it clear of the nurses stories obtained telling of the great experiences the nurses encounter in their day-to-day activities of health care provision. The article also explores the fact that nurses have not been telling their stories about their unique care giving practice. Literature review In research, literature review is usually a written summary of the position of the existing knowledge on a research problem. Literature review is the use of theoretical and empirical sources to form a clear picture of what is known and what is not known in regard to the statement of the problem which gives the basis of the conducted study. In simple terms, literature review is the process by which the researcher takes account of the known knowledge about a given research topic. In the present research by Hudacek, the scope of the nursing profession in health care provision has been screened and analyzed deeply from different sources. These sources include both secondary and primary sources. The research problem of the nurses’ silence about their daily experiences has been supported from other works. Hudacek has also used evidence of other available knowledge about the leaders in nursing encouraging nurses to give narrative stories in written form to express their day-to-day experiences in care giving practice. He uses evidence from books of various writers that the use of story telling to understand the nursing practice of care giving has been endorsed. Of all of the articles and books used are current. The research used very recent scholarly works in the literature review which gives the research a sense of validity. (Hudacek, 2005 pp 89-153) Research design Research design is the recipe for conducting a research study and is responsible for optimizing control over factors that could get in the way with the validity of the findings. The research design controls and guides planning and implementation of a research study in order to achieve the desired results and findings. (Crookes & Davies, 2004 pp 89-130). In Hudacek research, the research design used is too weak to draw out conclusions. The mailing of questions to nurses was not random in the first place. The names were provided from the University for the Research Group. This could have led to biasness of the respondents in writing their stories. The time span given to the respondents was quite enough in the research and amazingly only a small number of two hundred out of over thousand were received. The study design was not efficient in conducting this research and could not be valid to conclude the research. The narratives were not controlled from the place of source. That is, there was no criterion for picking up stories for example at least ten from each state as most of them could have come from the same state. Therefore in the current research by Hudacek, the research design is generally poor. Sampling Sampling is the selection of the elements from the entire population to be studied. These elements can be people, behaviors or events among any other element that can be researched on. (Beanland et al. 1999 pp 45-123) In Hudacek article, a global database was used to provide names of nurses to be invited in the research. The participation was also voluntary. In this non probability non purposive sampling, results are credible and fit for research study. Here the subject is not hand picked by the researcher. Data collection strategies This is the process by which information to be used in study of the research problem is gathered. The method of data collection is determined by the research method or the aim of the study. In the article by Hudacek, self report data was found appropriate. Structured self report data was collected by means of written form in stories that were mailed to the respondents. The respondents sent back the written stories via mails. In the research study by Hudacek, the question was formed to guide the respondent on the orientation of the study by just writing a narrative story on ones experience with a patient who changed the life of the nurse. Approval was sought from the University of Scranton nursing department review board which approved the study. Data analysis strategies This is the systematic organisation and synthesis of research data. It is aimed at giving meaning to the data or information collected. In the current article Giorgi’s phenomenological methodology of data analysis was used. The stories were read and interpreted to give meaning to the research problem using the three steps reviewed earlier in this essay. Interpretation of findings, Conclusion and Recommendations Findings of a research are the result of the analyses of the study information obtained from the research question. Conclusion on the other hand is the synthesis and explanation of the research findings. Result interpretation takes into account the objectives or goals of the study and the existing body of knowledge related to the research study. In the research by Hudacek it was found that practice of nursing is meaningful to them and goes beyond the health care provision, i. e. , care giving practice is a multidimensional practice. From the findings seven dimensions of care in nursing practice were identified. These are, Caring, compassion, spirituality, providing comfort, crisis intervention, community outreach, and going the extra distance. (Parahoo, 1997 pp 98-134) Hudacek also encourages more research in his article on matters pertaining care provision by nurses. The research helped in liberating nurses from the traditional restraints that may have caused them to feel unappreciated. Ethical issues Every research should be guided by ethical principles which ensure respect for person, beneficence and justice. Beneficence is entails the protection of the participant from harm which can either be psychological or physical. Ethical considerations in a research study outweigh the possibility of risks to the participants. In the research by Hudacek, ethical issues were considered in the best way. The mailing of the questions was personal and never involved a third party. In giving information, anonymous was used to ensure that the stories were neutral and safe to be published in the article by Hudacek. Participants were not named neither did there stories were published with names of the patients. Professional code of ethics has been respected in the Hudacek research article i. e. Privacy, anonymity and confidentiality were observed during the research. (Roberts & Taylor, 2002 pp 34-69) The essay criticized the article on the dimensions of nursing: A qualitative analysis of nurses’ stories by Hudacek. In the critique all aspects have been looked into clearly and weaknesses and strengths pinpointed during the critique. The abstract of the article defines the research problem statement and gives a summary of the whole article at a glance. The research was effective in achieving its goals all the same despite the pinpointed methodological shortcomings in the research. References Bailey, P. H. , & Tilley, S. (2002). Storytelling and the interpretation of meaning in qualitative research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 38, 574-583 Burns, N. & Grove, K. (2007). Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice. (4th ed. ). Philadelphia: WB Saunders. Burns, N. & Grove, K. (2007). Study Guide for understanding nursing research – building an evidenced-based practice. (4th ed. ). Philadelphia: WB Saunders. Beanland, C. et al. (1999). Nursing research methods. Critical appraisal and utilisation (1st Australian ed. ). Sydney: Mosby. Burns, N. & Grove, S. (2005). The practice of nursing research, conduct, critique and utilisation. Missouri: Elsevier Saunders. Crookes, P. & Davies, S. (2004). Research into practice: Essential skills for reading and applying research in nursing and health care. Sydney: Balliere Tindall. DePoy, E. & Gitlin, L. (1994). Introduction to research: Multiple strategies for health and human services. Sydney: Mosby. Giorgi, A. (1985). Phenomenology and psychological research. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press. Hudacek, S. (2004). Making a difference: Stories from the point of care (Vol. 2). Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International. Hudacek, S. (2005). Making a difference: Stories from the point of care (Rev. ed. , Vol. 1). Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International. Maher, J. (2003). The use of narratives in nursing. Whitireia Nursing Journal, 10, 11-16 Nieswiadomy, R. (1998). Foundations of nursing research (3rd ed. ). Connecticut: Appleton & Lange. Parahoo, K. (1997). Nursing research: Principles, processes and issues. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Polit, D. & Hungler, P. (1997). Essentials of nursing research: Methods, appraisal and utilisation (4th ed. ). JB Lippincott. Roberts, K. & Taylor, B. (2002). Nursing research processes: An Australian perspective. Victoria: Nelson. Streubert, H. , & Carpenter, D. (1999). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative (2nd ed. ). Philadelphia: Lippincott.